Mesopotamian society and culture were the inter mixture of people of various communities and cultures. Explain please
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Mesopotamia was an ancient area in the Middle East. Today, most of it is located in the
country of Iraq.
The word Mesopotamia comes from a Greek word meaning "between two rivers." Those are
the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. The land was later known as the Fertile Crescent by
historians, as its soil was good for farming.
The Cradle of Civilization
Ancient peoples in Egypt and Greece shared many beliefs and ideas. However, Mesopotamia
had many different cultures and peoples.
Even so, Mesopotamia is known as the “cradle of civilization.” That is mostly because of two
things that happened in the Mesopotamian region of Sumer around 3000 B.C.– the first city,
and the invention of writing.
Those were not their only inventions. Mesopotamian people are also said to have invented the
wheel, the farming of animals, farming, tools, weapons, the chariot, wine, beer and sailboats.
Archaeologists have found settlements from 10,000 B.C. in Mesopotamia. These show that
the fertile land allowed people to settle in and start farming. Trade soon followed and
settlements grew into the first cities. It is generally thought that writing was invented due to
trade. It also helped people send messages far away and helped them keep track of money.
Learning and religion
Mesopotamia was a place of learning. There were as many schools as temples. They taught
reading, writing, religion, law and medicine.
There were more than 1,000 gods in the Mesopotamian cultures and many stories about
them. The Mesopotamians believed that they worked with the gods. To them, the land was full
of spirits.
The world began, they believed, when the gods defeated the forces of chaos and disorder.
But, even though the gods had won, this did not mean chaos could not come again. The
people of Mesopotamia wanted to keep the gods happy so the world would stay balanced. To
do this, they followed daily routines, said prayers, and made sure to bury the dead properly.
They were taught to respect the gods in the work they did every dayMen and women both worked in Mesopotamia, and most were involved in farming. Others
were healers, weavers, potters, shoemakers, teachers and priests or priestesses. The highest
positions in society were kings and military officers.
Women had almost the same rights as men. They could own land, choose to divorce, own
their own businesses, and make deals in trade. Women were among the first people to make
beer and wine. They were also healers in the community. These jobs were later taken over by
men, it seems, who saw that women were making so much money.
The work someone did, was also seen as giving back to other people, and for making the
gods happy. This could keep the world at peace.
Buildings and government
Mesopotamia gave birth to the world’s first cities. The land did not have trees. So,
buildings were mostly made of soil, which was dried in the sun and turned into bricks. With the
bricks, the Mesopotamians created the world’s first columns, arches and roofs.
A temple was usually at the center of every Mesopotamian city. Cities and temples were
famous for their ziggurats. These were pyramids built in layers of steps.
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