Question

metals are good conductor of heat . give reason

Answer 1

Most good electrical conductors are elements that have a single electron in its outermost electron orbital. As current flows according to this analogy, each outermost electron is like a billiard ball striking the adjacent billiard ball (electron), which then strikes the outer electron of the next atom, and so on, till current is flowing continually along the conductor. The best electrical conductors tend to have single electrons in their outermost shell, for example silver is the best known electrical conductor under standard temperature and pressure. Silver has been designated as having a conductivity of (1.0), at least in terms of electronics convention, since it sets the standard for conductors.

The conduction of heat, or thermal motion, also is greater in conductors for the same characteristics based on the number of electrons in the atom’s outermost shell. With the case of heat and its transfer however, a large electrical separation of charges is not relevant or present and so does not drive the motion of electrons down a directed pathway. The absence of the potential energy, or electromotive force, that is the model for voltage in classical electromagnetics and electrodynamics, drives the conduction of electrical current down a particular pathway which differs from the conduction of heat which is transferred freely throughout a conductor by the kinetic motion of atoms affecting neighboring atoms as the thermal energy spreads throughout the conductive material and heat dissipation can be described in terms of power in classical thermodynamics.

In an electrical conductor, the expectation is that the flow of current is equivalent and distributed throughout the diameter of the conductor. Instead, the majority of the current moves along the surface of the conductor, a phenomenon known as the “skin effect. ” The model describes how electrons start at the center of the conductor then move outward, to the surface of the conductor. The skin effect reminds me of Faraday’s discovery that charges accumulate at the surfaces of conductors.

For a thermal conductor (which could consist of the same material), heat is distributed evenly and spreads in every direction throughout the material through conduction.

As a flipside comparison, electrical insulators (e.g. styrofoam) do not conduct electricity well at all although they are excellent generators of static electricity. Electrical insulators tend to be good thermal insulators too, as in the case of styrofoam. Insulators are typically neutral in charge, lacking atoms with outer electrons or charge carriers which makes certain materials highly suitable as electrical (and thermal) conductors.

Answer 2

Hey there mate !!

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The correct answer is

Within a metallic structure, the positive ions sit close to one another in a geometric layout that is symmetrical. While the ions hold their positions in the lattice, their vibration is constant. Heating the metal causes those ions to vibrate with even more energy. The ions crash into other ions, making their vibration accelerate as well. Passing the energy along in this way is how conducting works, and some of the energy is released as heat.

At the hotter end of a piece of metal, the electrons speed up their movement, gaining kinetic energy from the vibration of the ions colliding with them. Some of them slide away from the heat, running into ions. The collision costs them some of their kinetic energy, but the spreading vibrational energy still ends up leading to the conduction of heat.

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