Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus: the role of antiseptics in the control of an outbreak.
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Introduction
It is GOSH Trust policy to take all reasonable steps to prevent both infection and the acquisition of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, such as MRSA, by patients/families or staff. This is undertaken while minimising the disruption of the care of the patients but it is recognised that the application of this policy may impact on the patient's stay in the hospital.
The Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) team is available to discuss patient care if conforming to these guidelines creates problems for any reason.
Note: While this guideline refers to the 'child' throughout, all activities are applicable to young people.
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major human pathogen, responsible for a range of infections including simple skin and soft tissue infection, vascular access and other indwelling device infection, pneumonia, blood stream infection, overwhelming sepsis and death. S. aureus carriage is common, especially in children (15 – 30%) and infection may occur from a strain a child already had before seen for health care, or from a strain acquired in hospital. The majority of S. aureus carriage or infection results from meticillin sensitive S. aureus but MRSA is especially important as a cause of health care associated infection (HCAI) because:
The strains are usually adapted to spread in the health care environment and frequently cause outbreaks if not controlled.
They are resistant to flucloxacillin, and often other commonly used antibiotics, so may not be covered by conventional empiric treatment.
Prevention and control of S. aureus infection relies initially on the implementation of standard infection prevention and control guidelines, especially good hand hygiene, care of vascular access devices and environmental cleanliness. However, because of the risk of treatment failure with unsuspected MRSA and the propensity for rapid cross infection in hospital, additional guidelines are advised for control.
The revised guidelines for the control and prevention of MRSA in healthcare facilities (Coia et al, 2006) clearly indicate that infection control measures do have an impact on controlling the spread of MRSA. These, and other evidence, show:
The key points are:
Implementation of screening policy (including staff at start of employment) to identify MRSA carriage and cross-infection, including procedures to notify children/young people, their carers and staff of the MRSA results. Identification, and ‘alerting’, of MRSA-positive patients (who have been detected through screening patients on admission or at pre-admission clinics, or from routine diagnostic testing) followed by implementation of additional control steps shown below: -
Implementation of isolation precautions, the wearing of protective clothing and thorough hand washing/sanitising before and after contact with patients and the use of cubicles where appropriate (with risk assessment for individual locations)Maintaining a clean environment – additional cleaning is required proportionate to the risk assessment of environmental contamination for each individual Investigation of MRSA acquisition to detect and eliminate hidden reservoirs.
MRSA decolonisation in selected patients will help to reduce the spread of MRSA in the hospital and MRSA infections in those at increased risk of S. aureusinfection.
Modification of antibiotic prophylaxis to include cover for MRSA when given to cover S. aureus infection, with an efficient pre-operative MRSA screening programme.
Maintaining correct ventilation to reduce airborne transmission.
Blah blah ...!!
Hope u get ur answer ..
》》BE BRAINLY 《《
It is GOSH Trust policy to take all reasonable steps to prevent both infection and the acquisition of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, such as MRSA, by patients/families or staff. This is undertaken while minimising the disruption of the care of the patients but it is recognised that the application of this policy may impact on the patient's stay in the hospital.
The Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) team is available to discuss patient care if conforming to these guidelines creates problems for any reason.
Note: While this guideline refers to the 'child' throughout, all activities are applicable to young people.
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major human pathogen, responsible for a range of infections including simple skin and soft tissue infection, vascular access and other indwelling device infection, pneumonia, blood stream infection, overwhelming sepsis and death. S. aureus carriage is common, especially in children (15 – 30%) and infection may occur from a strain a child already had before seen for health care, or from a strain acquired in hospital. The majority of S. aureus carriage or infection results from meticillin sensitive S. aureus but MRSA is especially important as a cause of health care associated infection (HCAI) because:
The strains are usually adapted to spread in the health care environment and frequently cause outbreaks if not controlled.
They are resistant to flucloxacillin, and often other commonly used antibiotics, so may not be covered by conventional empiric treatment.
Prevention and control of S. aureus infection relies initially on the implementation of standard infection prevention and control guidelines, especially good hand hygiene, care of vascular access devices and environmental cleanliness. However, because of the risk of treatment failure with unsuspected MRSA and the propensity for rapid cross infection in hospital, additional guidelines are advised for control.
The revised guidelines for the control and prevention of MRSA in healthcare facilities (Coia et al, 2006) clearly indicate that infection control measures do have an impact on controlling the spread of MRSA. These, and other evidence, show:
The key points are:
Implementation of screening policy (including staff at start of employment) to identify MRSA carriage and cross-infection, including procedures to notify children/young people, their carers and staff of the MRSA results. Identification, and ‘alerting’, of MRSA-positive patients (who have been detected through screening patients on admission or at pre-admission clinics, or from routine diagnostic testing) followed by implementation of additional control steps shown below: -
Implementation of isolation precautions, the wearing of protective clothing and thorough hand washing/sanitising before and after contact with patients and the use of cubicles where appropriate (with risk assessment for individual locations)Maintaining a clean environment – additional cleaning is required proportionate to the risk assessment of environmental contamination for each individual Investigation of MRSA acquisition to detect and eliminate hidden reservoirs.
MRSA decolonisation in selected patients will help to reduce the spread of MRSA in the hospital and MRSA infections in those at increased risk of S. aureusinfection.
Modification of antibiotic prophylaxis to include cover for MRSA when given to cover S. aureus infection, with an efficient pre-operative MRSA screening programme.
Maintaining correct ventilation to reduce airborne transmission.
Blah blah ...!!
Hope u get ur answer ..
》》BE BRAINLY 《《
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