mind map of resourses and development.
chapter 1 of geography 10th class
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Answer:
MIND MAP OF RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT"
‘Resource’:
Everything to be had in our surroundings that may be used to meet our needs is known as a resource. It must be technologically available, economically possible, and culturally acceptable. Only then, it may be termed a ‘Resource’. Examples: minerals, forests, fossil fuels, etc.
Classification of Resources:
(a) On the idea of origin: Biotic and Abiotic.
(b) On the idea of exhaustibility: Renewable and Non-renewable.
(c) On the idea of ownership: Individual (Personal), Community, National, and International.
(d) On the idea of status and development: Potential, Developed, Reserve, and Stock.
Biotic Resources are received from the biosphere. They have existence or are residing assets, e.g., human beings, fisheries, forests, etc. Abiotic Resources consist of all non-residing things, e.g., rocks and minerals.
Renewable Resources:
The assets which may be renewed or reproduced through physical, chemical, and mechanical strategies are referred to as renewable or replenishable assets, e.g., water, wildlife, forests, sun energy, wind energy, etc.
Non-renewable Resources:
- The assets as soon as getting exhausted, can not be remade. They take a protracted geological length of time, i.e., tens of thousands and thousands of years of their formation, e.g., minerals, fossil’ fuels, etc.
- National Resources: Resources that belong to the nation, e.g., roads, railways; and
- International assets: Resources that no character united states can utilize, e.g., oceanic waters past 200 km.
Soil erosion:
The denudation of the soil cowl and the next washing down is soil erosion. Reasons for soil erosion consist of—
(a) Human sports like deforestation, over-grazing construction, mining faulty approach to fanning, etc. like wind, glaciers, and water flow.
Types of erosion:
(a) Gully erosion. The walking water cuts via the clayey soils and makes deep channels referred to as gullies. This makes the land horrific land and withinside the Chambal basin such land is referred to as ravines;
(b) Sheet erosion. When pinnacle soil over a massive place is washed away it's miles referred to as sheet erosion.
Methods to save you soil erosion in hilly places:
Plowing alongside the contour lines-contour plowing; terrace cultivation; strip farming and refuge belts.
Soils and their types:
- Alluvial soils: Entire northern plains are fabricated from alluvial soil. Also determined withinside the Japanese coastal plains specifically withinside the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, and the Kaveri rivers. Fertile soil, therefore, is in shape for agricultural purposes. Regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated. Rich in potash, phosphoric acid, and lime which might be perfect for the boom of sugarcane, paddy, wheat, and different cereal and pulse crops.
- Black soil: Black in coloration and also referred to as regur soils. Ideal for developing cotton and is likewise referred to as black cotton soil. Found withinside the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh additionally alongside the Godavari and the Krishna valleys. Made up of extraordinarily fine, i.e., clayey material. Well-recognized for his or her capability to preserve moisture. Rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime.
- Red and yellow soils: Found withinside the regions of low rainfall withinside the eastern and southern elements of the Deccan plateau. Also determined in elements of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern elements of the center Ganga simple and alongside the piedmont quarter of the Western Ghats. Develop a reddish coloration because of the diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
- Laterite soils: Develops in regions with excessive temperature and heavy rainfall. Found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly regions of Odisha and Assam. Suitable for cultivation with good enough doses of manures and fertilizers. Low Humus content material due to the fact decomposers, like bacteria, get destroyed because of excessive temperature.
- Arid soils: Found withinside the western elements of Rajasthan. After the right irrigation, those soils come to be cultivable. Lacks humus and moisture due to the fact dry climate, and excessive temperature make the evaporation faster. Salt content material could be very excessive and not unusual place salt is received through evaporating the water.
- Forest soils: Found withinside the hilly and mountainous regions in which enough rain forests are to be had. Feature differs primarily based totally on location. Loamy and silty in valley facets and coarse-grained withinside the higher slopes. Sil withinside the decreased elements of the valleys specifically at the river terraces and alluvial enthusiasts are fertile.
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