Minerals are scattered throughout the rocky surface of our earth's crust. Prove
Answers
Explanation:
The Earth's crust is an extremely thin layer of rock that makes up the outermost solid shell of our planet. In relative terms, it's thickness is like that of the skin of an apple. It amounts to less than half of 1 percent of the planet's total mass but plays a vital role in most of Earth's natural cycles.
The crust can be thicker than 80 kilometers in some spots and less than one kilometer thick in others. Underneath it lies the mantle, a layer of silicate rock approximately 2700 kilometers thick. The mantle accounts for the bulk of the Earth.
The crust is composed of many different types of rocks that fall into three main categories: igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary. However, most of those rocks originated as either granite or basalt. The mantle beneath is made of peridotite. Bridgmanite, the most common mineral on Earth, is found in the deep mantle.
How We Know the Earth Has a Crust
We didn't know the Earth had a crust until the early 1900s. Up until then, all we knew was that our planet wobbles in relation to the sky as if it had a large, dense core -- at least, astronomical observations told us so. Then along came seismology, which brought us a new type of evidence from below: seismic velocity
Seismic velocity measures the speed at which earthquake waves propagate through the different materials (i.e. rocks) below the surface. With a few important exceptions, seismic velocity within the Earth tends to increase with depth.
In 1909, a paper by the seismologist Andrija Mohorovicic established a sudden change in seismic velocity -- a discontinuity of some sort -- about 50 kilometers deep in the Earth. Seismic waves bounce off it (reflect) and bend (refract) as they go through it, the same way that light behaves at the discontinuity between water and air. That discontinuity named the Mohorovicic discontinuity or "Moho" is the accepted boundary between the crust and mantle.
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