Question

Mining and processing directly lead to land degradation by:
1)Water logging in mining areas
2)salinity and alkalinity in the soil
3)Overburdening on the land and retarding infiltration of water
4) generating industrial effluents

Answer 1

Answer:

2) salinity and alkaniry in the soil

Answer 2

1) Waterlogging in mining areas

Explanation:

• Mining involves in the extraction, from deposits on Earth, of minerals and other geological resources of economic interest. Mining adversely affects the ecosystem through biodiversity depletion, soil erosion and surface water, soil and groundwater contamination and pollution. Mining can also cause sinkholes
• The effect of mining on the quality of soil is adverse. The primary effect is soil depletion. Once mining is completed, the mining waste products called mine-spoils are simply left in place. This causes considerable environmental pollution, among other things.
• A mine produces huge amounts of highly concentrated wastewater because of the contact between water and various types of mineral.
• Water-logging caused by  mining compromises the overlying rocks stability and cause land subsidence and surface distortion
• Land subsidence causes environmental and ecological problems, such as soil/water erosion, aggravation of land degradation, and declining soil quality

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