Most stable oxidation state of bismuth
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Bismuth hardly forms any compound in oxidation state -3. In fact the stability of + 5 state also decreases as we move down the group. BiF5 is the only well characterized Bi(V) compound.
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+3 oxidation state of bismuth is more stable than +5 oxidation state because of inert pair effect.
Inert pair effect occurs when the outer most ns2 electrons are held strongly by the nucleus because of the poor shielding effect of the intervening d and f orbitals.so the cannot be lost hence the cannot participate in bonding.
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Inert pair effect occurs when the outer most ns2 electrons are held strongly by the nucleus because of the poor shielding effect of the intervening d and f orbitals.so the cannot be lost hence the cannot participate in bonding.
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