motion of electrons around its nuclues
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When quantum mechanics refers to the orbital angular momentum of an electron ,it is generally reffering to the spitial wave equation that represents the electron's motion around the nucleus of an atom .
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When quantum mechanics refers to the orbital angular momentum of an electron, it is generally referring to the spatial wave equation that represents the electron's motion around the nucleus of an atom
Though it is true that electrons don’t ‘move’ around the nucleus in a classical sense (i.e. a planet going around a star), they have a well defined orbital angular momentum that looks like the classical angular momentum but describes something very different.
To get a sense of why this angular momentum does not describe rotational motion, one must understand that when transitioning from classical to quantum, we introduce a wavefunction as the main descriptor of the system (take this wavefunction as an encoder for probability that the particle is in a certain state. Specifically, you have to take the modulus squared for it to represent probability).
Now to angular momentum for the electron. The form is still =×
L
=
r
×
p
. However, r and p are operators on wavefunctions for a quantum system (here an operator can be taken to mean an operation which takes an input, a function, and maps it to another function). Already, just to talk about angular momentum consisting of operators acting on wavefunctions makes it extremely different from talking about r and p as classical quantities describing position and momentum as dynamical variables.
Electron revolves around a nucleus with constant speed in a circular orbit, so the above statement is true.
In an atom each electron behave like a magnet.
the two types of motions of electrons in an atom i.e. (1) orbit motion around the nucleus (2) spin on its axis creates a magnetic movement. This is due to the fact that electrons are charged particals and when they are set in motion, it can be consider as a small loop current which passes a small magnetic movement.
When quantum mechanics refers to the orbital angular momentum of an electron, it is generally referring to the spatial wave equation that represents the electron's motion around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons do not "orbit" the nucleus in the classical sense of angular momentum, however the mathematical representation of L = r × p still leads to the quantum mechanical version of angular momentum. Just as in classical mechanics, the law of conservation of angular momentum still holds
Though it is true that electrons don’t ‘move’ around the nucleus in a classical sense (i.e. a planet going around a star), they have a well defined orbital angular momentum that looks like the classical angular momentum but describes something very different.
To get a sense of why this angular momentum does not describe rotational motion, one must understand that when transitioning from classical to quantum, we introduce a wavefunction as the main descriptor of the system (take this wavefunction as an encoder for probability that the particle is in a certain state. Specifically, you have to take the modulus squared for it to represent probability).
Now to angular momentum for the electron. The form is still =×
L
=
r
×
p
. However, r and p are operators on wavefunctions for a quantum system (here an operator can be taken to mean an operation which takes an input, a function, and maps it to another function). Already, just to talk about angular momentum consisting of operators acting on wavefunctions makes it extremely different from talking about r and p as classical quantities describing position and momentum as dynamical variables.
Electron revolves around a nucleus with constant speed in a circular orbit, so the above statement is true.
In an atom each electron behave like a magnet.
the two types of motions of electrons in an atom i.e. (1) orbit motion around the nucleus (2) spin on its axis creates a magnetic movement. This is due to the fact that electrons are charged particals and when they are set in motion, it can be consider as a small loop current which passes a small magnetic movement.
When quantum mechanics refers to the orbital angular momentum of an electron, it is generally referring to the spatial wave equation that represents the electron's motion around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons do not "orbit" the nucleus in the classical sense of angular momentum, however the mathematical representation of L = r × p still leads to the quantum mechanical version of angular momentum. Just as in classical mechanics, the law of conservation of angular momentum still holds
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