Question

Mrs. Dobson described many of the symptoms of cystitis. She had suprapubic and low-back pain. She had increased frequency of micturition with dysuria and had difficulty in and burning on micturition. Her pink urine is probably hematuria-write it in terms that a non-educated patient or family member could understand. Put those medical terms in common, every day language. For reference purposes,

Answer 1

Answer:

Dysuria is a symptom of pain and/or burning, stinging, or itching of the urethra or urethral meatus with urination. It is among the most common symptoms experienced by most people at least once over their lifetime. Dysuria usually happens due to bladder muscle contraction and peristalsis of the urethra, which ends up causing the urine to come in contact with the inflamed mucosal lining, which in turn stimulates pain receptors and causes one to feel pain and/or burning. Other conditions can cause dysuria from different mechanisms. Also, dysuria requires differentiation from other symptoms, which can also occur due to bladder discomfort due to increased bladder volume, such as suprapubic or retropubic pain.rimarily, causes of dysuria can be divided broadly into two categories, infectious and non-infectious. Infectious causes include urinary tract infection or urethritis, kidney or prostate infections, vaginal infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. Non-infectious causes include skin conditions, foreign body or stone in the urinary tract, trauma, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and tumors. Also, interstitial cystitis, certain medications, specific anatomic abnormalities, menopause, atrophic vaginitis can cause Dysuria can happen in both males and females. One of the most common causes of dysuria is urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infections are more common in females than males due to female anatomy, having a shorter and straight urethra compared to males who have longer and curved urethra due to male anatomy. In females, bacteria can reach the bladder more easily due to shorter and straight urethra as they have less distance to travel. Also, females who use the wrong wiping technique from back to front instead of front to back can predispose themselves to more frequent urinary tract infections due to the opening of the urethra being closer to the rectum. Because of these reasons, females tend to experience dysuria more frequently compared to males. Also, most urinary tract infections are uncomplicated. However, complicated urinary tract infections are also common in cases of urinary tract infection happening in men, pregnancy, immunocompromised status, anatomical or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract, and systemic spread.

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