Question

multipurpose project lead to large scale displacement and loss of livelihood with example

Answer 1

it's totally true. As when there is need to dam construction people living in that area have to shift that is there is large scale displacement .And many people perform or practice occupations such as farming and etc...and by doing such practices they earn their livelihood and living since they have to displace or shift from there which makes a loss of livelihood and even leading to unemployment.

Answer 2

(i) Adverse effect on the fertility of the soil: Due to the construction of dams, there are no annual floods in the river. And
because of this, the soil of the downstream region does not get nutrient-rich “silt”. This decreases the fertility of the soil.
(ii) Adverse impact on aquatic life: Due to the construction of dams on the rivers, the fish in the downstream area do not get sufficient nutrient material. Regulating and damming of rivers affect the natural flow of water causing poor sediment flow downward, and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of a reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers aquatic life. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate for spawning i.e., to produce eggs.
(iii) Displacement of local communities: The building of large dams results in displacement of local communities. The local people often have to give up their land and livelihood and their meager access and control over resources for the greater food of the nation.
(iv) Change in the cropping pattern: The multipurpose projects are responsible for providing assured means of irrigation to farmers. Due to this, most of the farmers have changed the cropping pattern shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has led to salinization of soil leading to ecological imbalance.