Musician recognise the musical instrument by hearing the sound by it even without seeing the Suman which characteristics of sound make it make this possible
Answers
The most important thing that distinguishes the same note on one instrument vs. another is what is called the attack, the very beginning of the note, it's starting sound. For instance, the human voice and the trombone sound very similar in the “body" of the note but the attack will be very different. The trombone might be described as a noisy attack compared to the voice, or more explosive perhaps.
Otherwise, it's a question of color, or timbre, produced by the strength of the overtones. Unless you're electronically producing a pure sine wave, a musical instrument will produce a complex sound that includes more frequencies than just the note you hear (the fundamental). These added frequencies occur naturally as multiples of the fundamental pitch, usually of lower amplitude (loudness). An alto saxophone and baritone saxophone are an octave apart, but will sound different from each other even when playing the same exact pitches, because each instrument will color the notes slightly differently.