India Languages, asked by joshvasamvel84, 4 months ago

my dream city essay in Tamil​

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Answered by mukilan2808
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சென்னை (Chennai) தமிழ்நாட்டின் தலைநகரமும், இந்தியாவின் நான்காவது பெரிய நகரமும் ஆகும். 1996 ஆம் ஆண்டுக்கு முன்னர் இந்நகரம், மதராசு பட்டினம், மெட்ராஸ் (Madras) மற்றும் சென்னப்பட்டினம் என்றும் அழைக்கப்பட்டு வந்தது.[10] சென்னை, வங்காள விரிகுடாவின் கரையில் அமைந்த துறைமுக நகரங்களுள் ஒன்று. சுமார் 10 மில்லியன் (ஒரு கோடி) மக்கள் வாழும் இந்நகரம், உலகின் 35 பெரிய மாநகரங்களுள் ஒன்று. 17ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் ஆங்கிலேயர் சென்னையில் கால் பதித்தது முதல், சென்னை நகரம் ஒரு முக்கிய நகரமாக வளர்ந்து வந்திருக்கிறது. சென்னை தென்னிந்தியாவின் வாசலாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. சென்னை நகரில் உள்ள மெரினா கடற்கரை உலகின் நீளமான கடற்கரைகளுள் ஒன்று. சென்னை கோலிவுட் (Kollywood) என அறியப்படும் தமிழ்த் திரைப்படத் துறையின் தாயகம் ஆகும். பல விளையாட்டு அரங்கங்கள் உள்ள சென்னையில் பல விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகளும் நடைபெறுகின்றன.

சென்னையின் பொருளாதாரம் பலதரப்பட்ட தொழில்களைச் சார்ந்தது. ஊர்தி, தகவல் தொழில்நுட்பம், வன்பொருள் தயாரிப்பு, மருத்துவம் போன்ற பல துறைகளைக் கொண்டது. ஊர்தி மற்றும் ஊர்திகளின் உதிரி பாகங்கள் உற்பத்தியில் நாட்டின் 35 விழுக்காடு சென்னையை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்டுள்ளது. மேலும் தகவல் தொழில்நுட்பத் துறையில் நாட்டில் இரண்டாம் இடத்தில் உள்ளது.

நியூயார்க் டைம்ஸ் இதழின் 2014 இல் செல்ல

Answered by babulalprajapati965
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Essay on Tamil Language (1476 Words)

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Essay on Tamil Language!

The oldest of the Dravidian languages, Tamil is at once a classical language like Sanskrit and a modern language like other Indian languages. Tamil literature has had unbroken development over twenty centuries.

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Dating ancient Tamil literature is however, a problem. Most scholars agree that the Tolkappiyam is the earliest extant Tamil grammar and literary work, as some of its archaic structures and considerations of style place it earlier than what has come to be called Sangam literature.

So it would be reasonable to accept its date as somewhere round the third century BC. But some scholars place it as late as fourth or fifth century AD. This work may be called the fountainhead of all literary conventions in Tamil literature. The influence of Sanskrit on it was peripheral. Tolkappiyar, who wrote it, is supposed to have been a disciple of Rishi Agastya, the purported author of the Agattiyam, a magnum opus and grammar of letters—which, however, is found only in small pieces quoted by medieval commentators.

The earliest known phase of Tamil literature is termed Sangam literature because the anthologies of odes, lyrics and idylls which form the major part of that literature were composed at a time when the Pandyan kings of Madurai maintained in their court a body of eminent poets, called ‘Sangam’ by later poets, who unofficially functioned as a board of literary critics and censors.

The Sangam anthologies are in two parts—the Aham (dealing with love) and Puram (dealing with war). Much of the earlier work is lost but the Sangam literature is generally dated between 300 BC and AD 200. The anthologies that were made in about the fourth century AD to preserve the works are the Ten Idylls (Patirruppattu) and the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthogai).

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Thiruvalluvar’s Thirukkural, accepted as a work of great importance, has drawn from the Dharmasastra, the Arthasastra and the Kamasutra and is written in a masterful style. The Naladiyar is an anthology in the venba metre. The Palamoli by Munrurai Araiyar adopts the novel method of exemplifying morals by proverbs.

The epics Silappadikaram by Ilango Adigal and Manimekalai by Sattanar belong to the early centuries of the Christian era. There were three more epics written later in the series: Jivakachintamani (by a Jain author), Valayapati and Kundalakesi, out of which the last two are lost.

The end of the Sangam age saw the advent of devotional poetry, Shaiva and Vaishnava. The Shaiva hymnologist Tirunjanasambandar wrote several Tevaram hymns. The other Shaiva Nayanas are Thirunanukkarasar, Sundarar and Manikkavachakar (who wrote Thiruvachakam). The Alvars were of the Vaishnava tradition, the most famous of them being Nammalvar (Tiruvaymoli) and Andal (Thiruppavai). The Vaishnava poets’ work is called the Divya Prabandha.

Ottakuttan was the poet-laureate of the Chola court. The village of Kuttanur in Thanjavur district is dedicated to this poet. Kamban rendered the Ramayana in Tamil. He called it Ramanataka. Not a mere translation by any means, it is a celebrated work on its own with original touches in plot, construction and characterisation.

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After the Cholas and Pandyas the literature in Tamil showed a decline. But in the fifteenth century Arunagirinathar composed the famous Tiruppugazh. Vaishnava scholars of this period wrote elaborate commentaries on religious texts; personalities like Vedanta Desikar, Manavala Mahamini, Pillai Lokacharya were patronised by the discerning Tirumala Nayaka of Madurai. Brilliant commentaries were written on the Tolkappiyam and the Kural.

Christian and Islamic influences on Tamil literature are to be perceived in the 18th century. Umaruppulavar wrote a life of Prophet Mohammad in verse, Sirappuranam. Christian missionaries like Father Beschi introduced modern prose as a form of writing in Tamil. His Tembavani is an epic on the life of St Joseph.

His Aviveka Purna Guru Kathai may be called the forerunner of the short story in Tamil. Vedanayagam Pillai and Krishna Pillai are two Christian poets in Tamil. Other works of note in this period were Rajappa Kavirayar’s Kuttala- tala-puranam and Kurrala-kuravanchi, and Sivajnana Munivar’s Mapadiyam, a commentary on the Siva-Jnana-Bodam. R. Caldwell and G.M. Pope did much to project Tamil to the world at large through English studies and translations of Tamil classics. Vedanayakam Pillai’s Pratapa Mudaliyar Charitram was the first novel in Tamil.

During the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries Tamil Nadu witnessed changes in the political scene. The Tamil society underwent a deep cultural shock with the imposition of Western cultural influences. Shaiva monasteries attempted to safeguard the Tamil cultural values.

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