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1. Ans:- The northern hemisphere experiences summer solstice when the north pole is tilted towards the sun. The southern hemisphere experiences winter solstice when the south pole is tilted away from the sun. In a similar way, the northern hemisphere experiences the winter solstice when the north pole is tilted away from the sun and the southern hemisphere experiences the summer solstice when the south pole I tilted towards the sun.
The hibernal solstice also called the winter solstice, occurs on December 21 or 22. The summer solstice occurs on June 20 or 21. The summer solstice is also called the “ Estival solstice”. The summer solstice indicates the longest day of the year and the winter solstice indicates the shortest day of the year and the earth begins to tilt back towards the sun.
2. Ans:- The poles experience about six months of day and six months of night due to the tilt of the earth on its axis. Because of this tilt, each pole is tilted towards and away from the sun for about six months each.
When the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, it experiences continuous daylight for six months. At the same, it is night at the South Pole. These conditions are reversed when the South Pole is tilted towards the Sun.