Question

निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से उस शब्द को चुनिए, जिसमें अनुस्वार का उचित प्रयोग हुआ है- *
1. कंगन
2. गँगा
3. आंख
4. बिँदु

Answer 1

Answer:

In some countries, mineral resources represent a huge source of income and wealth. But resource abundance does not always bring sustained economic growth and development – it can have the opposite effect, which is sometimes referred to as the “resource curse”. Countries that are heavily reliant on their mineral wealth often have weaker institutions, spend less on education and are more corrupt.

The mining sector generally provides little direct employment in the countries and regions where extraction occurs. Seeking to create more jobs, some countries restrict the export of unprocessed minerals in an effort to encourage the creation of higher-value downstream processing jobs in the domestic market.

Export restrictions of raw materials are also used to meet other objectives; for example, to generate revenue for the government, to control the export of illegally mined products, to enhance environmental protection, or to offset exchange rate impacts caused by exports of several commodities. These are all legitimate policy goals to be determined in each country by its citizens’ preferences.

But export restrictions often do not achieve desired objectives

OECD analysis suggests that export restrictions are not the best way to achieve these crucial policy objectives. And in some cases, they can actually have the opposite effect. A recent study examining the use of export restrictions by four African countries on different minerals and metals, with the stated goal of encouraging downstream processing, suggests that in none of the four cases did the downstream industries benefit. In some countries, the mining sector experienced a substantially negative effect.

Further OECD analysis has estimated the effect of removing all export barriers in the steel and steelmaking raw materials sector. The impact was positive on global welfare and—somewhat surprisingly— was even positive in those countries that use export restrictions on steel-making raw materials. Evidence suggests therefore that export restrictions are not an appropriate policy instrument to respond to the challenges of regulating the extractive sector for economy-wide, sustainable growth.

Despite this, measures restricting exports are prevalent for many raw materials such as minerals, metals, wood, and food and agriculture. In some emerging economies, a large percentage of minerals exports are subject to restrictions. The prevalence of such measures begs the question: why do policymakers use this trade policy instrument to address domestic policy challenges? One reason is simply because they can. Some regional trade agreements have attempted to bring discipline to this area. Under WTO rules, member economies are obliged to notify their use of export restrictions, but implementation to date has been patchy.

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Answer 2

I think Kangan is the right answer