नेम द फ्यू लेयर्स ऑफ द एटमॉस्फेयर एंड एक्सटेंट
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Answer:
Troposphere. The troposphere starts at the Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 kilometers high (5 to 9 miles). ...
Stratosphere. The stratosphere starts just above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers (31 miles) high. ...
Mesosphere. ...
Thermosphere. ...
Ionosphere. ...
Exosphere. ...
Answer:
EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE LAYERS
Troposphere
Lower boundary is the surface of the Earth. The upper boundary varies between 7 km (23,000 ft.) above the poles and 14 km (56,000 ft.) above the equator. This is the layer of the atmosphere where we live. The troposphere contains 75% of the total mass of the atmosphere. The air cools 6.5°C for each kilometer above sea level.
Most of the energy from the sun travels through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the ground. The ground heats up warming the air above creating air currents. The rising of warm air and falling of cooler air creates convection currents that cause air circulation in this layer of the atmosphere.
Stratosphere
The lower boundary is the tropopause which separates the stratosphere from the troposphere. The upper boundary of the stratosphere is 50 km (32 miles; 170,000 feet). The bottom layer of the stratosphere remains constantly at approximately 60°C. Jet streams form here as cold air from the poles meets the warmer air rising from the equator. It is a strong eastward moving wind that blows horizontally around the Earth.
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer. Ozone is created when radiation from the sun splits two-atom oxygen molecules into separate atoms. They combine with other two-atom molecules to form a three-atom molecule. The layer acts as a shield from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The upper part of the stratosphere warms up to approximately 18°C as the ozone reacts with ultraviolet radiation giving off enough heat to warm this layer.
Mesosphere:
The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere. It extends from the top of the stratopause to an altitude between 80 and 85 km. The temperature begins to drop in this layer until it reaches minus 90°C. The upper region of the mesosphere is the coldest region of the Earths atmosphere layers.
Water vapor is sometimes present in this layer and it can be seen from Earth as thin feathery clouds of ice crystals. Many meteors entering the atmosphere burn up in this layer. The heat causes enough friction between a meteoroid and gas particles in the mesosphere to burn them up. Shooting stars are the trail of hot glowing gases as a meteoroid burns.
Thermosphere (Ionosphere and exosphere)
The thermosphere has two layers of Earths atmosphere layers. The atmosphere is very thin in the thermosphere. The space shuttles orbit in the thermosphere. The layer has free ions and electrons that are the result of ionization of gas particles. Radio waves bounce off the ionosphere allowing communication with countries overseas. The aurora borealis, (northern lights) form when electrically charged particles from the sun collide with particles in the ionosphere producing multicolored lights. The temperature in this region can reach 1500°C (2,730 degrees F). The air particles are so far apart that a person would not feel warm because of the low density of the particles.
Exosphere:
The exosphere is the highest layer of the atmosphere. It extends up to 10,000 km (6,200 miles; 33,000,000 ft.) above the Earth. Satellites orbit the Earth in the exosphere. The atmosphere in this layer is extremely thin and atoms and molecules of air are constantly escaping into outer space. Free-moving particles move in and out of the solar wind in the exosphere.