♧Name 10 medievil towns in India,it's urgent!!...◇!!
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Answers
Explanation:
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Administrative Centres and Towns:
➞The best example is Thanjavur.
➞During the reign of Chola Dynasty (King Rajaraja Chola), its capital was Thanjavur.
➞Architect Kunjaramallan Rajaraja Perunthachchan built Rajarajeshwara Temple.
➞Besides the temple, there were palaces with mandapas or pavilions. where kings hold court here and issue order to subordinates.
Temple Towns and Pilgrimage Centres:
➞Thanjavur is also an example of a temple town.
➞Temple towns represent a very important pattern of urbanisation, the process by which cities develop.
➞Towns emerged around temples such as those of Bhillasvamin (Bhilsa or Vidisha in Madhya Pradesh), and Somnath in Gujarat.
➞Other important temple towns included Kanchipuram and Madurai in Tamil Nadu, and Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh.
Small towns:
➞From the 8th century onwards the subcontinent was dotted with several small towns. These probably emerged from large villages. They usually had a mandapika (or mandi of later times) to which nearby villagers brought their produce to sell. They also had market streets called hatta (haat of later times) lined with shops.
➞Usually a samanta or, in later times, a zamindar built a fortified palace in or near these towns. They levied taxes on traders, artisans and articles of trade and sometimes “donated” the “right” to collect these taxes to local temples .
Traders:
➞There were many kind of traders including Banjaras. (2016 Prelims Question)
There were many kind of traders including Banjaras. (2016 Prelims Question)Since traders had to pass through many kingdoms and forests, they usually travelled in caravans and formed guilds[associations for certain tasks]to protect their interests.
➞Manigramam and Nanadesi were two such guilds.These guilds traded extensively both within the peninsula and with Southeast Asia and China.
Craftpersons:
➞The craftspersons of Bidar were so famed for their inlay work in copper and silver that it came to
The craftspersons of Bidar were so famed for their inlay work in copper and silver that it came tobe called Bidri.
➞The Panchalas or Vishwakarma community, consisting of goldsmiths, bronzesmiths, blacksmiths, masons and carpenters, were essential to the building of temples.
➞They also played an important role in the construction of palaces, big buildings, tanks and reservoirs.
➞Surat, Hampi and Masulipattanam were the major towns in India during the medieval period.
➞Located in the Krishna-Tungabhadra basin.
➞It was the nucleus of the Vijayanagara Empire (1336).
➞It got splendid arches, domes and pillared halls with niches for holding sculptures.
➞During 15th – 16th centuries, Hampi bustled with commercial and cultural activities. Moors (a name used collectively for Muslim merchants), Chettis and agents of European traders such as the Portuguese, thronged the markets of Hampi.
Surat:
➞It was an emporium of western trade during the Mughal period along with Cambay (present Khambat).
➞Surat was the gateway for trade with West Asia via the Gulf of Ormuz. Surat has also been called the gate to Mecca because many pilgrim ships set sail from here.
➞In the 17th century the Portuguese, Dutch and English had their factories and warehouses at Surat.
In the 17th century the Portuguese, Dutch and English had their factories and warehouses at Surat.The textiles of Surat were famous for their gold lace borders (zari) and had a market in West Asia, Africa and Europe.
Masulipatnam:
➞Lay on the delta of the Krishna river.
➞Both the Dutch and English East India Companies attempted to control Masulipatnam.
➞The fort at Masulipatnam was built by the Dutch.
The fort at Masulipatnam was built by the Dutch.The Qutb Shahi rulers of Golconda imposed royal monopolies on the sale of textiles, spices and other items to prevent the trade passing completely into the hands of the various East India Companies.
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