Question

Name 10 nuclear scientists from India as well as from other countries and write about their achievement so in short order ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Many Nobel Prizes have been awarded for nuclear research and instrumentation. The field has spun off: particle physics, nuclear astrophysics, nuclear power reactors, nuclear medicine, and nuclear weapons. Understanding how the nucleus works and applying that knowledge to technology has been one of the most significant accomplishments of twentieth century scientific research. Each prize was awarded for physics unless otherwise noted.

Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, and Marie Curie Discovered spontaneous radioactivity 1903

Ernest Rutherford Work on the disintegration of the elements and chemistry of radioactive elements 1908 (chem)

Marie Curie Discovery of radium and polonium 1911 (chem)

Frederick Soddy Work on chemistry of radioactive substances including the origin and nature of radioactive isotopes 1921 (chem)

Francis Aston Discovery of isotopes in many non-radioactive elements, also enunciated the whole-number rule of atomic masses 1922 (chem)

Charles Wilson development of the cloud chamber for detecting charged particles 1927

Harold Urey discovery of heavy hydrogen (deuterium) 1934 (chem)

Frederic Joliot and Irene Joliot-Curie synthesis of several new radioactive elements 1935 (chem)

James Chadwick discovery of the neutron 1935

Carl David Anderson discovery of the positron 1936

Enrico Fermi new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation 1938

Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron 1939

George De Hevesy Use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes 1943

(chem)

Otto Hahn discovered fission of massive nuclei 1944 (chem)

Patrick Blackett improved cloud chamber and discoveries in nuclear physics and cosmic rays 1948

Hideki Yukawa predicted the existence of mesons as the basis of the nuclear force 1949

Cecil Powell Developed the photographic method of studying nuclear processes 1950

Edwin McMillan and Glenn Seaborg Discoveries in the chemistries of the transuranium elements 1951 (chem)

John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton Transmutation of nuclei by accelerated particles 1951

Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell measured magnetic fields in atomic nuclei (NMR) 1952

Walther Bothe Analysis of cosmic radiation using the coincidence method 1954

Willard Libby For his method to use 14C for age determination 1960

(chem)

Robert Hofstadter studied nuclear structure with electron scattering 1961

Rudolf Mössbauer Discovery of recoilless resonance absorption of gamma rays in nuclei 1961

Eugene Wigner application of symmetry principles to the nucleus 1963

Maria Goeppert-Mayer and Hans Jensen developed the nuclear shell model 1963

Hans Bethe developed the theory of nuclear reactions in stars 1967

Aage Bohr, Ben Mottelson, and James Rainwater developed the theory of collective states in nuclei 1975

Rosalind Yalow Study of insulin using radioactive tracers 1977 (biology)

William Fowler Studies on the formation of nuclear reactions which produce chemical elements in astrophysical processes 1983

Explanation:

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Answer 2

There have been many famous scientists and discoverers in nuclear history. Below is a brief history of those who have paved the way. How many do you know?

Henri Becquerel (1852 – 1908)
Discovered radioactivity

Niels Bohr (1885 – 1962)
Provided the theory explaining Rutherford’s model of atom

James Chadwick (1891 – 1974)
Proved the existence of the neutron

Arthur Holly Compton (1892 – 1962)
Provided characteristics of electromagnetic radiation

William David Coolidge (1873 – 1975)
Invented the Coolidge X-ray tube

Marie and Pierre Curie (1867 – 1934 and 1859 – 1906, respectively)
Discovered Radium and Polonium

Thomas Alva Edison (1847 – 1931)
Improved screens used to see X-rays

Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)
Developed theory about relationship of mass and energy

Robley Evans (1907 – 1995)
Built the first whole body counter to measure radium uptake

Gioacchino Failla (1891 – 1961)
Improved medical applications of radiation

Enrico Fermi (1901 – 1954)
Performed first controlled self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction

Otto Hahn (1879 – 1968)
Discovered nuclear fission

Victor F. Hess (1883 – 1964)
Discovered cosmic rays

Saul Hertz (1905- 1950)
An American physician who discovered the use of radioactive iodine for the treatment of thyroid disease.

Jean Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie (1900 – 1958 and 1897 – 1956, respectively)
Discovered artificial radioactivity

Ernest O. Lawrence (1901 – 1958)
Invented the cyclotron

Lise Meitner (1878 – 1968)
Assisted Hahn in discovering fission

Hermann Joseph Muller (1890 – 1967)
Father of radiation genetics

Herbert Parker (1910 – 1984)
Developed the Manchester System for radium therapy

Edith Quimby (1891 – 1982)
Determined distribution of radiation doses in tissue from various arrangements of radium needles

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845 – 1923)
Discovered X-rays

Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937)
Father of nuclear physics: named and characterized alpha, beta and gamma particle

Glenn Seaborg (1912 – 1998)
Discovered (or co-discovered) the elements plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium and nobelium, as well as a wide variety of radionuclides including iodine-131, technetium-99m, cobalt-60, cesium-137, and iron-55

Frederick Soddy (1877 – 1956)
Establishes theory of nuclear reactions (with Rutherford)

Joseph John Thomson (1856 – 1940)
Discovered the electron

George von Hevesy (1885 – 1966)
Conceived the idea of using radioactive tracers