Name all the hill ranges found in peninsula plateau.
Answers
Answer:
5 Hill Ranges of Indian Peninsular Plateau are 1. The Arvali Range, 2. The Vindhyan Range, 3. The Satpura Range, 4. The Western Ghats (or The Sahyadris), 5. The Eastern Ghats !
Aravali Range
They are aligned in north-east to south-west direction.
They run for about 800 km between Delhi and Palanpur in Gujarat.
They are one of the oldest (very old) fold mountains of the world and the oldest in India. {Fold Mountains – Block Mountains}
After its formation in Archaean Era (several 100 million years ago), its summits were nourishing glaciers and several summits were probably higher than the present day Himalayas.
Now they are relict (remnants after severe weathering and erosion since millions of years) of the world’s oldest mountain formed as a result of folding (Archaean Era).
They continue up to Hariddwar buried under the alluvium of Ganga Plains.
The range is conspicuous in Rajasthan (continuous range south of Ajmer where it rises to 900 m.) but becomes less distinct in Haryana and Delhi (characterized by a chain of detached and discontinuous ridges beyond Ajmer).
According to some geographers, one Branch of the Aravalis extends to the Lakshadweep Archipelago through the Gulf of Khambhat and the other into Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
It’s general elevation is only 400-600 m, with few hills well above 1,000 m.
Vindhyan Range
The Vindhyan Range, overlooking (have a view of from above) the Narmada valley, rises as an escarpment (a long, steep slope at the edge of a plateau or separating areas of land at different heights) flanking (neighboring on one side) the northern edge of the Narmada-Son Trough (the rift through which the Narmada river flows)(trough is opposite of ridge. It is a narrow depression).
It runs more or less parallel to the Narmada Valley in an east-west direction from Jobat in Gujarat to Sasaram in Bihar for a distance of over 1,200 km.
Satpura Range
Satpura range is a series of seven mountains (‘Sat’ = seven and ‘pura’ = mountains)
It runs in an east-west direction south of the Vindhyas and in between the Narmada and the Tapi, roughly parallel to these rivers.
It stretches for a distance of about 900 km.
Parts of the Satpuras have been folded and upheaved. They are regarded as structural uplift or ‘horst’.
Dhupgarh (1,350 m) near Pachmarhi on Mahadev Hills is the highest peak.
Amarkantak (1,127 m) is another important peak.
Western Ghats (or The Sahyadris)
They form the western edge of the Deccan tableland.
Run from the Tapi valley (21° N latitude) to a little north of Kanniyakumari (11° N latitude) for a distance of 1,600 km.
The northern section
The northern section of the Ghats from Tapi valley to a little north of Goa is made of horizontal sheets of Deccan lavas (Deccan Traps).
The average height of this section of the Ghats is 1,200 m above mean sea level, but some peaks attain more heights.
Kalasubai (1,646 m) near Igatpuri, Salher (1,567 m) about 90 km north of Nashik, Mahabaleshwar (1,438 m) and Harishchandragarh (1,424 m) are important peaks.
Thal ghat and Bhor ghat are important passes which provide passage by road and rail between the Konkan Plains in the west and the Deccan Plateau in the east.
[Konkan coast == Maharashtra coast and Goa coast;
Malabar Coast == Kerala and Karnataka coast]
The average height is 1200 m but many peaks exceed 1500 m.
The Vavul Mala (2,339 m), the Kudremukh (1,892 m) and Pashpagiri (1,714 m) are important peaks.
The southern section
The southern part of the Western Ghats is separated from the main Sahyadri range by Pal ghat Gap [Palakkad Gap].
The high ranges terminate abruptly on either side of this gap.
Eastern Ghats
Eastern Ghats run almost parallel to the east coast of India leaving broad plains between their base and the coast.
It is a chain of highly broken and detached hills starting from the Mahanadi in Odisha to the Vagai in Tamil Nadu. They almost disappear between the Godavari and the Krishna.
They neither have structural unity nor physiographic continuity. Therefore these hill groups are generally treated as independent units.
It is only in the northern part, between the Mahanadi and the Godavari that the Eastern Ghats exhibit true mountain character. This part comprises the Maliya and the Madugula Konda ranges.
The peaks and ridges of the Maliya range have a general elevation of 900-1,200 m and Mahendra Giri (1,501 m) is the tallest peak here.
The Madugula Konda range has higher elevations ranging from 1,100 m and 1,400 m with several peaks exceeding 1,600 m. Jindhagada Peak (1690 m) in Araku Valley Arma Konda (1,680 m), Gali Konda (1,643 m) and Sinkram Gutta (1,620 m) are important peaks.
Between the Godavari and the Krishna rivers, the Eastern Ghats lose their hilly character and are occupied by Gondwana formations (KG Basin is here).