Question

Name and explain the various stages of the cell cycle.

Answer 1

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Name and explain the various stages of the cell cycle.

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Stages of the cell cycle:

• Non-dividing interphase

• Dividing mitotic phase or M phase

Interphase:

In interphase, cells grow in size and volume and prepare for the next cell division.

It is divided into three phases:

• First growth phase (G1): RNA and proteins are synthesised, and the volume of the cytoplasm increases.

• Synthesis phase (S): DNA is synthesised and chromosomes are duplicated.

• Second growth phase (G2): RNA and proteins continue to be synthesised.

Mitosis:

Mitosis is the division of somatic cells in which two identical daughter cells are produced by the division of one parent cell.

It consists of the following phases:

• Karyokinesis: It is the division of the nucleus during cell division.

• Cytokinesis: It is the division of the cytoplasm during cell division.

Karyokinesis:

It occurs in four phases:

• Prophase: During prophase, chromatin fibres condense and thick chromosomes are visible. The nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear. A pair of centrioles duplicates. The spindle apparatus starts forming.

• Metaphase: Chromosomes are arranged on the metaphase plate or equatorial plane.

• Anaphase: The centromere divides, and the sister chromatids separate from each other. Spindle fibres contract and pull chromatids towards opposite poles.

• Telophase: Spindle apparatus disappears. Chromosomes become thin and turn into chromatin fibres. Nuclear membranes and nucleoli reappear.

Cytokinesis:

• The furrow continues to deepen in the cell, and it finally divides the cytoplasm forming two new daughter cells.

• In plant cells, a cell plate appears at the equatorial plane.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

The cell cycle is the four stage process in which the cell increases (gap 1, G1 stage), copies its DNA (synthesis,or S, stage) preapares to divides ( Gap2, or G2 Stage) oor Divides (mithosis, or,M stage). The stages G1,S, and G2 make up interphase, which accounts for the span between cell Divisions.