Question

name and state mendel's three laws of inheritance

Answer 1

$\underline{\textbf{Laws of Inheritance}}$ :- Laws of Inheritance were given by Mandel on the basis of experiments and crosses that he did with pea plants. There are three laws of inheritance :-

$\textbf{1) Law of dominance}$ :- According to this law, when two pea plants having pure tall character and pure dwarf character are crossed, only the tall plant were obtained. This shows that even when the factor of dwarfness was present in the pea plants, it could not express itself in f1 generation due to dominance of tall trait.

$\textbf{2) Law of segregation}$ :- According to this law , the two factors of a character that remain together in an individual do not get mixed and at the time of gamete formation , the factors separate and each gamete gets only one factor. For example:- Mendel's dihybrid cross.

$\textbf{ 3) Law of independent assortment}$ :- This law states that the factors of each character separate independently of the factor of other character at the time of gamete formation and get randomly rearranged in the off springs ; for example :- Mendel's dihybrid cross.

Answer 2

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✳Mendel conducted hybridization experiments on the garden peas for 7 years (1856-1863) and proposed the laws of inheritance in living organisms.

➡Based on his observations on monohybrid cross (Inheritance of one gene) , Mendel proposed two rules to consolidate his understanding of inheritance in monohybrid crosses.

✴Today these rules are called Principles or Laws of Inheritance : the First Law or Law of Dominance and the second Law or Law of Segregation

$\red{ \bf{ \underline{Law \: Of \: Dominance : }}}$

The Law of Dominance states that

▶ Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors.

▶Factors occur in pairs.

▶In a dissimilar pair of factors pertaining to a character, one member of the pair dominates (dominant) the other (recessive).

$\pink{ \bf{ \underline{Law \: of \: Segregation : }}}$

▶It is also called Law of Purity of Gametes.

Mendel's Law of Segregation states that "the two alleles of gene when present together in a heterozygous state, do not fuse or blend in any way ,but remain distinct and segregate during meiosis or in the formation of Gametes so that each meiotic product or gamete will carry only one of them."

➡Based on his observations on dihybrid cross(inheritance of two genes) , Mendel proposed a second set of generalizations that we call Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.

$\bf{ \purple{ \underline{Law \: Of \: Independent \: Assortment : }}}$

The law of Independent Assortment states that "When two pairs of traits are combined in a dihybrid, segregation of one pair of characters is independent of the other pair of characters".

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