Question

Name and state the fundamental law that every equation must fulfill​

Answer 1

Answer:

law of conservation of mass (Lavoisier, 18th century): Lavoisier was one of the first to carry out quantitatively accurate chemical measurements. He demonstrated that combustion required oxygen, and he demonstrated oxygen's role in the rusting of metals. His observations led him to deduce the following general law known as the law of conservation of mass:

In every chemical transformation, an equal quantity of matter exists before and after the reaction.

(Because he was a tax collector and nobleman, Lavoisier was branded a traitor during the French Revolution and beheaded in 1794.)

2.

law of definite proportions (Joseph Proust, shortly after Lavoisier): Proust studied metal compounds, including metal oxides, carbonates and sulfides. From the work of Robert Boyle in the 17th century, it was understood that substances that could be broken down into more fundamental components were mixtures or compounds. Substances that could not be further broken down were referred to as elements. Thus, Proust deduced the so-called law of definite proportions:

In a given chemical compound, the proportion by mass of the elements that compose it are fixed, independent of the origin of the compound or its mode of preparation.

This is basically saying that sodium chloride, for example, is always NaCl, no matter how it is obtained, made, or prepared. There are no ``intermediate'' compounds.

3.

The law of multiple proportions: (John Dalton, shortly after Proust): Studied gases and gaseous mixtures under different external conditions. Building on Proust's work, he noted that mathematically discrete manner in which elements combined to form different compounds. For example, in carbon monoxide (CO), the mass ratio of oxygen to carbon $m_{\rm O}/m_{\rm C} = 1.33$