Name any four important writings of the period and say which rulers reign the writing describe in medieval period
Answers
When atoms share electrons, they form a covalent bond. If one of the atoms in that bond has a stronger attraction for electrons than the other, then the electrons are unequally shared and the bond is classified as a polar covalent bond. Polar covalent bonds result in an uneven charge distribution between atoms. Since electrons innately carry a negative charge, the atom with the stronger attraction for electrons becomes surrounded by a partial negative charge, and the atom with a weaker attraction for electrons is left with a partial positive charge.
A dipole moment is simply the measure of net polarity in a molecule. If a molecule contains polar bonds that are unevenly distributed about the center, there will be an uneven charge distribution across the entire molecule, making it a polar molecule. Polar molecules exhibit a large difference in electrical charge (a positive end and a negative end), otherwise known as a dipole moment.
For example, ammonia (NHsub3) is a polar molecule. As you can see, ammonia consists of one nitrogen atom covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Since nitrogen has a stronger attraction for electrons than hydrogen, the electrons that they share are drawn towards nitrogen and away from hydrogen. This gives nitrogen a partial negative charge (which is denoted in the figure by a minus sign on N) and hydrogen a partial positive charge (which is denoted by a plus sign on each H). The presence of both a positive and negative charge on the molecule means that ammonia is polar and therefore exhibits a net dipole moment.
hᎾᏢᎬ ᎥᏆ hᎬᏞᏢs mᎪᏒᏦ Ꭺs ᏆhᎬ bᏒᎪᎥᏁᏞᎥᎬsᏆ...
