name any two ethnic conflict that pose danger to national integration in india
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Answer:
India is a country with innumerable diversities, an entity composed of many communities, races classes, languages and subcultures. In any such nation, there are many obstacles to the achievement of national integration.
In India the following hindrances are obstructing the growth of national feeling, casteism, communalism, linguistic fanaticism, social disparity, economic inequalities and immorality, regionalism etc.
1. Casteism:
Caste is an imported part of our social fabric. This was developed in the past on the basis of division of labour in the society. But now casteism has segregated the society. Unity and integrity has become a dream in a caste ridden society. The feeling of socially neglected scheduled castes under the suppression of upper caste ruined the sense of we feeling and unity. It becomes a problem for national integration.
2. Communalism:
Religions antagonism has posed a i serious challenge to national integration in India. India is a multi- religious land. Political manipulation has projected one religion against the other which resulted in communal riot, bloodbath, mutual, distrust and disintegration of the country. Large scale illiteracy and superstition are responsible along with other causes for raise communalism in the country. It is very difficult to promote national integration under these situations.
3. Linguistic Fanaticism:
Multi-linguism is one of the important characters of India. India has fifteen officially recognized languages. There are about 1652 languages are spoken in India which shows its diversities. There is conflict and riots on the languages issue. People of one language try to establish their language over others. When Hindi was declared as the national language people of South India resented against this decision supporting English language. Language issue became a barrier on the way of national integration.
4. Regionalism:
There are several regions in India having their unique traditions, food habits, dress and languages. Each regional differs from the other in one or other ways which leads to disintegration of the country. People of one region compete with the person of other regions which leads to conflict and riots. Land dispute, language problem are some of the reasons which pose hurdle on the way of national integration.
5. Social Disparity:
Social disparity among the people of different communities, castes and sometime within the community and caste causes tension and imbalance among the people. Social disparity poses great challenge to national integration.
6. Economic Inequalities:
Economic standard of people in a state depends on the fertility of land, resources available and manpower management. All the states are not equal in the above matter which leads to economic backwardness of the people. Even in a state distribution of wealth is not properly done. Day by day poor becoming poorer and rich become richest this causes tension and conflict. It is a problem for national integration.
There are many programmes and plans for removing these hindrances. Education can become a very powerful instrument or national unity provided that it is used in the right manner.
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Answer
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The diversity in India is unique. Being a large country with large population, India presents endless varieties of physical features and cultural patterns. In short, India is “the epitome of the world.” The vast population is composed of people having diverse creeds, customs and colors. Economic development, level of education and political culture of the people in various social segments differ from region to region.
Notwithstanding the various diversities evinced in India, there are the bonds of unity which are located in a certain underlying uniformity of life as well as in certain mechanisms of integration. Unity amidst diversity is visualized in the geo-political sphere; tradition of accommodation, emotional bond etc. India’s political unity is an offshoot of the religious and cultural unity. The First bond of unity of India is found in its geo-political integration. Politically, India is now a sovereign State. Every part of it is governed by the same Constitution and same Parliament. We share the same political culture marked by the norms of democracy, secularism and socialism.
Quite in line with the traditional bonds of unity, the Indian State in post-Independence era has rightly opted for a composite culture model of national unity rather than a uniform culture model. The composite culture model provides for the preservation and plurality of cultures within the frame work of an integrated nation. Hence, the significance of our choice of the norm of secularism, implying equal regard for all religions, as our policy of national integration.
The account of the unity of India should not be taken to mean that we have always had a smooth sailing in matters of national unity, with no incidents of caste, communal or religious riots. Nor should it be taken to mean that the divisive and secessionist tendencies have been altogether absent.
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There have been occasional riots, at times serious riots. For example, we cannot forget the linguistic riots in Tamil Nadu in protest against the imposition of Hindi, the riots in Gujarat between Hindus and Muslims.
In spite of all our unity and integrity, in spite of all the attempts of past and present national integration is hindered due to some factors. Along with these factors some new challenges have emerged during last decades. These have created a lot of difficulties in the process of State- building as well as nation-building.
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