name different types of farming as practiced in india?also give five characteristic feature of each of them?
Answers
Based primarily on nature of the land, climatic characteristics and available irrigational facilities, the farmers in India practice different types of farming:
Subsistence farming: This is one of the most popular farming techniques that can be seen in various parts of India. The farmer along with his family cultivates grains for themselves or for sale at the local market. The entire family works on the farm and most of the agricultural work is done manually here. Tradition methods of farming are followed by the farmers in their small farms. Since facilities like electricity and irrigation are generally not available to the poor farmers, they do not use fertilizers and high yielding variety of seeds in their fields to the extent they should do.
Shifting Agriculture: This way of farming is widely used by the tribal groups to grow crops. First the land is obtained by clearing a forested area and then crops are planted. While the land loses its fertility, another area of land is cleared and the crops are shifted there. The commonly grown crops in this type of farming are dry paddy, maize, millets and vegetables. This practice is known by different name in different regions of India. For example, it is called Jhum in Assam, Ponam in Kerala, Podu in AP and Odisha, Bewar, masha, penda, and bera in MP. But since it causes extensive soil erosion, governments have tried to discourage this practice of cultivation by tribals.
Plantation Agriculture: Plantations are only capable of producing a single crop which takes long time to grow. Plantation agriculture is practiced in Kerala, Assam, Karnataka, and Maharashtra. For example, rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa, spices, coconut and fruit crops like apples, grapes, oranges, etc. are grown by plantation agriculture. Since it is a capital intensive process, it requires good managerial ability, technical know-how and advanced machinery, fertilizers, irrigation, and transport facilities. It is an export-oriented agriculture and grown in plantation agriculture have a life cycle of more than two years.
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Answer:
There are 9 major types of farming methods followed in India:
1. Subsistence Farming / Agriculture.
2. Shifting Agriculture.
3. Plantation Agriculture.
4. Intensive Farming / Agriculture.
5. Dry Farming / Agriculture.
6. Mixed and Multiple Farming / Agriculture.
7. Crop Rotation.
8. Permanent Agriculture or Sedentary Cultivation.