Name different types of plastids.Also write their functions
Answers
Answer:
Plastids - Main Terms
Plastids: double membrane-bound organelles found in plants.
Chloroplasts: responsible for photosynthesis.
photosynthesis: process by which plants breathe, eat and drink.
Chromoplasts : found in flowering plants, fruits and aging leaves.
Gerontoplasts: chloroplasts that are aging.
Answer:
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Explanation:
Plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cell of plants, algae and few eukaryotic cells.
It the site of production and storage of important chemical compounds which are used by the cells of autotrophic organisms.
They contain pigments which are used in photosynthesis and the types of pigments determine the cell's colour.
The types of plastids are-
1) Chloroplasts:- are the green plastids which contain chlorophyll pigments for photosynthesis.
2) Chromoplasts:- are the coloured plastids for pigment synthesis and storage.
The pigment present in them is carotene which gives a different colour to fruits and flowers.
3) Gerontoplasts:- are the chloroplasts that are going through the ageing process.
These are present in the leaves in which no more photosynthesis occurs (such as in the fall months).
4) Leucoplasts: are the colourless plastids for monoterpene synthesis found in non- photosynthetic parts of the plants.
They are of three types:-
a) Amyloplasts- stores starch.
b) Proteinoplasts- stores proteins.
c) Elaioplasts- stores fats and oils.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are biconvex shaped, semi-porous, double membraned, cell organelle found within the mesophyll of the plant cell. They are the sites for synthesizing food by the process of photosynthesis.
Main Article: Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Chromoplasts is the name given to an area for all the pigments to be kept and synthesized in the plant. These can be usually found in flowering plants, ageing leaves and fruits. Chloroplasts convert into chromoplasts. Chromoplasts have carotenoid pigments that allow different colours that you see in leaves and fruits. The main reason for its different colour is for attracting pollinators.
Gerontoplasts
These are basically chloroplasts that go with the ageing process. Geronoplasts refer to the chloroplasts of the leaves that help to convert into different other organelles when the leaf is no longer using photosynthesis usually in an autumn month.
Leucoplasts
These are the non-pigmented organelles which are colourless. Leucoplasts are usually found in most of the non-photosynthetic parts of the plant like roots. They act as a storage sheds for starches, lipids, and proteins depending on the need of the plants. They are mostly used for converting amino acids and fatty acids.
Leucoplasts are of three types:
Amyloplasts – Amyloplasts are greatest among all three and they store and synthesize starch.
Proteinoplasts – Proteinoplasts help in storing the proteins that a plant needs and can be typically found in seeds.
Elaioplasts -Elaioplast helps in storing fats and oils that are needed by the plant.
Inheritance of Plastids
There are many plants which are inherited from the plastids from just a single parent. Angiosperms inherit plastids from the female gamete while there are many gymnosperms that inherit plastids from the male pollen. Algae inherit plastids from one parent only. The inheritance of the plastids-DNA seems to be 100% uniparental. In hybridisation, the inheritance of plastid seems to be more erratic.