name first member of every functional group
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functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of.
Combining the names of functional groups with the names of the parent alkanes generates what is termed a systematic nomenclature for naming organic compounds. In traditional nomenclature, the first carbon atom after the carbon that attaches to the functional group is called the alpha carbon; the second, beta carbon, the third, gamma carbon, etc. If there is another functional group at a carbon, it may be named with the Greek letter, e.g., the gamma-amine in gamma-aminobutyric acid is on the third carbon of the carbon chain attached to the carboxylic acid group. IUPAC conventions call for numeric labeling of the position, e.g. 4-aminobutanoic acid. In traditional names various qualifiers are used to label isomers, for example, isopropanol (IUPAC name: propan-2-ol) is an isomer of n-propanol (propan-1-ol).
for example.....
Hydrocarbons
Functional groups, called hydrocarbyl, that contain only carbon and hydrogen, but vary in the number and order of double bonds. Each one differs in type (and scope) of reactivity.
Chemical classGroupFormulaStructural FormulaePrefixSuffixExampleAlkaneAlkylR(CH2)nHalkyl--ane
EthaneAlkeneAlkenylR2C=CR2alkenyl--ene
Ethylene
(Ethene)AlkyneAlkynylRC≡CR'{\
Acetylene
(Ethyne)Benzene derivativePhenylRC6H5
RPh phenyl--benzene
Cumene
(Isopropylbenzene)
There are also a large number of branched or ring alkanes that have specific names, e.g., tert-butyl, bornyl, cyclohexyl, etc. Hydrocarbons may form charged structures: positively charged carbocations or negative carbanions. Carbocations are often named -um. Examples are tropyliumand triphenylmethyl cations and the cyclopentadienyl anion.
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Combining the names of functional groups with the names of the parent alkanes generates what is termed a systematic nomenclature for naming organic compounds. In traditional nomenclature, the first carbon atom after the carbon that attaches to the functional group is called the alpha carbon; the second, beta carbon, the third, gamma carbon, etc. If there is another functional group at a carbon, it may be named with the Greek letter, e.g., the gamma-amine in gamma-aminobutyric acid is on the third carbon of the carbon chain attached to the carboxylic acid group. IUPAC conventions call for numeric labeling of the position, e.g. 4-aminobutanoic acid. In traditional names various qualifiers are used to label isomers, for example, isopropanol (IUPAC name: propan-2-ol) is an isomer of n-propanol (propan-1-ol).
for example.....
Hydrocarbons
Functional groups, called hydrocarbyl, that contain only carbon and hydrogen, but vary in the number and order of double bonds. Each one differs in type (and scope) of reactivity.
Chemical classGroupFormulaStructural FormulaePrefixSuffixExampleAlkaneAlkylR(CH2)nHalkyl--ane
EthaneAlkeneAlkenylR2C=CR2alkenyl--ene
Ethylene
(Ethene)AlkyneAlkynylRC≡CR'{\
Acetylene
(Ethyne)Benzene derivativePhenylRC6H5
RPh phenyl--benzene
Cumene
(Isopropylbenzene)
There are also a large number of branched or ring alkanes that have specific names, e.g., tert-butyl, bornyl, cyclohexyl, etc. Hydrocarbons may form charged structures: positively charged carbocations or negative carbanions. Carbocations are often named -um. Examples are tropyliumand triphenylmethyl cations and the cyclopentadienyl anion.
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Answer:
1. Alcohol : Methanol (CH3OH)
2. Aldehyde : Methanal ( HCHO)
3. Ketone : Propanone ( CH3H6O)
4. Carboxylic acid : Methanoic acid ( HCOOH)
5. Halo-Chloro Alkane : Chloromethane (CH3Cl)
6. Halo-Bromo Alkane : Bromomethane (CH3Br)
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