name Iron and Steel plants today and write small paragraph on any two of them
Answers
Answer:
1. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO)
2. Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO)
Explanation:
1. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO):
This is the oldest iron and steel centre of India. It is a private sector enterprise. It was established in 1907 by Jamshedji Tata at Sakchi in Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. Later on, it was renamed as Jamshedpur after Jamshedji. It started producing pig iron in 1911 and steel in 1912.
The plant initially had capacity of producing 1.21 million tonnes of pig iron and 1.1 million tonnes of steel per annum. This capacity has been enhanced to 3.9 million tonnes of pig iron, 2 million tonnes of ingot steel and 3 million tonnes of saleable steel. Currently it produces about 3 million tonnes of saleable steel. Following facilities are available to this centre:
(i) High grade haematite iron ore is available from Noamundi mines of Singhbhum in Jharkhand and Gurumahisani mines of Mayurbhanj in Orissa. These mines are located at a distance of 75-100 km from Jamshedpur.
(ii) Coal is available from Jharia and Raniganj coal mines located 160 to 200 km from Jamshedpur.
(iii) Manganese comes from Joda mines of Kendujhar district in Orissa.
(iv) Dolomite, limestone and fire clay used as flux material are available from Sundargarh district of Orissa.
(v) Kolkata, located at a distance of 250 km, provides port facilities and its industrialised hinderland provides market for the products.
(vi) Sufficient water for cooling purposes is obtained from Subamrekha River. In addition to this, the storage dam on Kharkai River also provides water.
(vii) Jamshedpur is well connected with Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai by road and rail and enjoys good transport facilities.
(viii) Densely populated regions of Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa provide cheap labour. Major part of labour is drawn from tribal areas of Chota Nagpur plate.
2. Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO):
Three plants at Kulti, Hirapur and Bumpur in West Bengal were set up in 1864, 1908 and 1937 respectively. These plants have been merged together and are known as Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO).
It was brought under government control and management in July 1972. The three plants are linked by Kolkata-Asansol railway line. Hirapur plant produces pig iron which is sent to Kulti for making steel. The rolling mills are located at Bumpur. IISCO enjoys the following advantages:
(i) Iron ore is available from Guna mines in Singhbhum district of Jharkhand located at a distance of 285 km. Some iron ore is also obtained from Mayurbhanj area of Orissa.
(ii) It used to receive coal from Jharia, located at a distance of 137 km but now the power from the Damodar Valley Corporation is extensively used.
(iii) Dolomite and limestone are obtained from Sundargarh district of Orissa which is 327 km away. Limestone is also available from Gangpur and Paraghat areas of Orissa.
(iv) Rail and road links connect it to Kolkata which is just 200 km away.
(v) Cheap labour is readily available from the neighbouring areas.
IISCO has annual capacity of producing 10 lakh tonnes of steel. Currently it produces over 4 lakh tonnes of pig iron, more than 3.5 lakh tonnes of crude steel and around 3.8 lakh tonnes of saleable steel.