Name the act through which dictatorship was established in Germany. Mention its two features. 5m question
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Answers
Enabling Act (signed on 24th March 1933) was very important to Hitler because it granted him the authority to pass laws without the consent of the Reichstag. Unprecedentedly, these laws could even deviate (with certain exceptions) from the Weimar Constitution. Although the Reichstag had to be informed of any changes in the law, it could not vote against them, hereby eliminating any political opposition to Hitler’s plans.
Although the Enabling Act had given Hitler greater power over the government and although the Reichstag Fire and the following Emergency Decrees had given him greater power over the German people, neither did anything to increase his power over his own party, especially over the SA. The SA were Nazis but not completely loyal to Hitler. Many were law unto themselves and Hitler could not always control them. They demanded that the Nazi Party carry out its socialist agenda and that the SA take over the army. The leader of the SA, Ernst Rohm, resented and resisted Hitler’s power even though they had once been friends, but more importantly, he had 3 million armed men under his control, leaving Hitler extremely vulnerable to his own team. On the night of the 29th June 1934, in what became known as ‘The Night of the Long Knives’, the SS (Hitler’s elite bodyguards) attacked and murdered approximately 200 leading SA members, including Rohm, along with a number of Hitler’s other opponents such as the former Chancellor, Von Schleich.