Question

Name the components of the central nervous system. answer this question.​

Answer 1

Answer:

The nervous system has two main parts:

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Question:

Name the components of the central nervous system. answer this question.​

Answer:

What is Nervous System ?

The nervous system or the neural system is a complex network of neurons specialized to carry messages. The complexity of the nervous system increases as we move towards higher animals. Higher organisms such as vertebrates have a developed brain. Moreover, it is one of the most complicated structures in the animal kingdom, containing billions of neurons, all intricately connected.

For example :

• Cnidarians such as jellyfish have relatively simple nerve nets spread throughout their body.
• Crabs have a more complicated nervous system in the form of 2 nerve centers called dorsal ganglion and ventral ganglion.
• In the human body, the neural system integrates the activities of organs based on the stimuli, which the neurons detect and transmit. Thus, the nervous coordination involves the participation of the sense organs, nerves, spinal cord, and brain.

One of the most complex organ system to ever evolve, the human nervous system consists of two parts, namely:

1. Central Nervous System (consists of the brain and spinal cord)
2. Peripheral Nervous System (includes all the nerves of the body)

Central Nervous System:

Central Nervous System (CNS) is often called the central processing unit of the body. It consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

Brain-

• The brain is one of the important, largest and central organ of the human nervous system.
• It is the control unit of the nervous system, which helps us in discovering new things, remembering and understanding, making decisions, and a lot more.
• It is enclosed within the skull, which provides frontal, lateral and dorsal protection.
• The human brain is composed of three major parts:

1. Forebrain: The anterior part of the brain, consists of Cerebrum, Hypothalamus and Thalamus.
2. Midbrain: The smaller and central part of the brainstem, consists of Tectum and Tegmentum.
3. Hindbrain: The central region of the brain, composed of Cerebellum, Medulla and Pons.

 

Spinal Cord-

• The spinal cord is a cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers and associated tissues enclosed within the spine and connect all parts of the body to the brain.
• It begins in continuation with the medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage called vertebral column and surrounded by membranes called meninges.
• The spinal cord is concerned with spinal reflex actions and the conduction of nerve impulses to and from the brain.

Peripheral Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is the lateral part of the nervous system that develops from the central nervous system which connects different parts of the body with the CNS. They carry out both voluntary and involuntary actions with the help of peripheral nerves.

 

PNS includes two types of nerve fibers:

1. Afferent nerve fibers – These are responsible for transmitting messages from tissues and organs to the CNS.
2. Efferent nerve-fibers – These are responsible for conveying messages from CNS to the corresponding peripheral organ.

Classification of the peripheral nervous system:

1. Somatic neural system (SNS): It is the neural system that controls the voluntary actions in the body by transmitting impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle cells. It consists of the somatic nerves.
2. Autonomic neural system (ANS): The autonomic neural system is involved in involuntary actions like regulation of physiological functions (digestion, respiration, salivation, etc.). It is a self-regulating system which conveys the impulses from the CNS to the smooth muscles and involuntary organs (heart, bladder and pupil). The autonomic neural system can be further divided into:

 

1. Sympathetic nervous system
2. Parasympathetic nervous system