name the dictators of Philippines and Indonesia.
Answers
Answer:
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (/ˈmɑːrkɔːs/,[2] September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician[3][4][5] and kleptocrat[6][7][8] who was the tenth President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. A leading member of the New Society Movement, he ruled as a dictator[3][9][10][11] under martial law from 1972 until 1981.[12] One of the most controversial leaders of the 20th century, Marcos' rule was infamous for its corruption,[13][14][15] extravagance,[16][17][18] and brutality.[19][20][21]
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos.JPEG
Marcos in 1982
10th President of the Philippines
In office
December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986
Prime Minister
Himself (1978–1981)
Cesar Virata (1981–1986)
Vice President
Fernando Lopez (1965–1972)
Preceded by
Diosdado Macapagal
Succeeded by
Corazon Aquino
3rd Prime Minister of the Philippines
In office
June 12, 1978 – June 30, 1981
Preceded by
Office established
(Position previously held by Jorge B. Vargas as Ministries involved)
Succeeded by
Cesar Virata
Secretary of National Defense
In office
August 28, 1971 – January 3, 1972
President
Himself
Preceded by
Juan Ponce Enrile
Succeeded by
Juan Ponce Enrile
In office
December 31, 1965 – January 20, 1967
President
Himself
Preceded by
Macario Peralta
Succeeded by
Ernesto Mata
11th President of the Senate of the Philippines
In office
April 5, 1963 – December 30, 1965
President
Diosdado Macapagal
Preceded by
Eulogio Rodriguez
Succeeded by
Arturo Tolentino
Senator of the Philippines
In office
December 30, 1959 – December 30, 1965
Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Ilocos Norte's 2nd District
In office
December 30, 1949 – December 30, 1959
Preceded by
Pedro Albano
Succeeded by
Simeon M. Valdez
Personal details
Born
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos
September 11, 1917
Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippine Islands
Died
September 28, 1989 (aged 72)
Honolulu, Hawaii, US
Resting place
Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center, Batac, Ilocos Norte
(1993–2016)
Libingan ng mga Bayani, Metro Manila
(since November 18, 2016)
Political party
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (1978–1989)
Other political
affiliations
Liberal Party (1946–1965)
Nacionalista Party (1965–1978)
Spouse(s)
Imelda Romualdez
(m. 1954)
Children
Imee
Bongbong
Irene
Aimee (adopted)
Alma mater
University of the Philippines
Profession
Lawyer
Jurist
Politician
Signature
Military service
Allegiance
Philippines / United States[a]
Rank
First lieutenant
Major
Unit
21st Infantry Division (USAFFE)
14th Infantry Regiment (USAFIP-NL)
Battles/wars
World War II
Marcos claimed an active part in World War II, including fighting alongside the Americans in the Bataan Death March and being the "most decorated war hero in the Philippines".[22] A number of his claims were found to be false[23][24][25][26][27] and United States Army documents described Marcos's wartime claims as "fraudulent" and "absurd."[28]
Marcos started as an attorney, then served in the Philippine House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and the Philippine Senate from 1959 to 1965. He was elected president in 1965, and presided over a growing economy during the beginning and intermediate portion of his 20-year rule,[29] but ended in loss of livelihood, extreme poverty,[30][31] and a crushing debt crisis.[32][31] Marcos placed the Philippines under martial law on September 23, 1972,[33][34] during which the constitution was revamped, the media was silenced,[35] violence and oppression occurred[21] against the political opposition,[36][37] Muslims,[31][38] communists,[39][40] and ordinary citizens.[37] Martial law was ratified in 1973 through a fraudulent referendum.[41][42]
After being elected for a third term in the 1981 Philippine presidential election, Marcos's popularity suffered greatly due to public outrage of the assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr. in 1983. The assassination, along with economic collapse, revitalized the opposition, resulting in them securing a better-than-expected victory in the 1984 Philippine parliamentary election. Both of these factors alongside growing discontent and the discovery of documents exposing his finances and falsified war records, led him to call the snap election of 1986. Allegations of mass cheating, political turmoil, and human rights abuses led to the People Power Revolution of February 1986, which removed him from power.[43] To avoid what could have been a military confrontation in Manila between pro- and anti-Marcos troops, Marcos was advised by US President Ronald Reagan through Senator Paul Laxalt to "cut and cut cleanly,"[44] after which Marcos fled to Hawaii.[45] Marcos was succeeded by Corazon "Cory" Aquino, widow of the assassinated opposition leader Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. who had flown back to the Philippines to face
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