Question

Name the different layer of soil. What does each layer consist of

Answer 1

Soil is made up of distinct layers, called horizons. Each layer has its own characteristics that make it different from all of the other layers. These characteristics play a very important role in what the soil is used for and why it is important.

O HORIZON- This is the top layer of soil that is made up of living and decomposed materials like leaves, plants, and bugs. This layer is very thin and is usually pretty dark.

A HORIZON- This is the layer that we call "topsoil" and it is located just below the O Horizon. This layer is made up of minerals and decomposed organic matter and it is also very dark in color. This is the layer that many plants roots grow in.

B HORIZON- This is the layer that we call "subsoil" and it is located just below the A Horizon. This layer has clay and mineral deposits and less organic materials than the layers above it. This layer is also lighter in color than the layers above it.

C HORIZON- This is the layer that we call "regolith" and it is located just below the B Horizon. This layer is made up of slightly unbroken rock and only a little bit of organic material is found here. Plant roots are not found in this layer.

Answer 2

$\huge\sf{\underline{\underline{\red{ \: \: \: \: \: \: \: Layers\: of\: Soil \: \: \: \: \:}}}}$

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$\large{\underline{\sf{Four\:layers\:of\:soil-}}}$

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(a) A-Horizon: Top soil

(b) B-Horizon: Subsoil

(c) C-Horizon: Parent rock

(d) R-Horizon: Bedrock

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$\large{\underline{\mathfrak{\blue{1.\:Top\:\:soil\::-}}}}$

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The uppermost layer of the soil is known as the top soil. It has the following characteristics:

(a) It is dark in colour

(b) It is rich in humus

(c) It is soft and porous

(d) It has essential nutrients and organic matter for the growth of plants

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$\large{\underline{\mathfrak{\green{2.\: Sub\:\:soil\::-}}}}$

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The layer below the top soil is called as the subsoil. It has the following characteristics:

(a) It is lighter in colour than the top soil

(b) It is harder and compact

(c) It is rich in soluble minerals and iron oxides

(d) it has little humus

(e) It collects rain water

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$\large{\underline{\mathfrak{\pink{3.\: Parent\:\:rock\::-}}}}$

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This layer is below the sub soil. It has the following characteristics:

(a) It is made of small lumps of rocks

(b) Rain water collects in this region

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$\large{\underline{\mathfrak{\orange{4.\: Bed\:\:rock\::-}}}}$

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(a) It is the lowermost layer mainly consisting off the parent rock

(b) The properties of this rock determine the composition of the sc

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$\mathtt{\large{\underline{\purple{Additional \: \: Information : - }}}}$

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• Layers of soil are known as horizons.

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• Vertical section of soil different horizons of soil is known as soil profile.

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• The layers in a soil profile differ In texture, colour, depth and chemical composition.