Question

Name the following:

1.The kind of chromosomes which determine the general body features.

2.The phase of the cell cycle in which RNA and proteins required for cell division is synthesized.

3.Movement of molecules of a substance from their lower to heigher concentration through a semi-permeable, utilising energy.

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Answer 1

Answer:

1)Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. The 22 autosomes are numbered by size.

2)first phase of the cell cycle which immediately begins with the formation of new daughter cells. This phase is also known as the growth phase since the cell grows in size in this phase. Along with growth, desired RNA and protein is synthesized in this phase.

3)Diffusion refers to the process by which molecules intermingle as a result of their kinetic energy of random motion. It is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. This is also referred to as the movement of a substance down a concentration gradient.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

1. The kind of chromosomes which determine the general body features are called autosomes.

• A human cell consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes that can be divided into autosomes and allosomes.
• Autosomal chromosomes contain genes for the inheritance of general physical characteristics.
• The allosomal chromosomes consist of sex-lined genes for the determination of sex-linked characters.

2. The phase of the cell cycle in which RNA and proteins required for cell division is synthesized are G1 and G2 phases.

• The division of the cell for the replication of the genetic material takes place in four stages.
• The four stages occur consecutively as G1, S, G2, and M phases.
• G1 and G2 phase involves duplication of cell organelles, proteins, and RNA molecules.

3. Movement of molecules of a substance from their lower to higher concentration through a semi-permeable, utilizing energy is known as the process of active transportation.

• The movement of molecules across the membrane against the concentration gradient.
• The process helps in the accumulation of molecules in the cell such as glucose.
• The process of active transport is facilitated through membrane proteins of the cell.