Name the following-
i. Original name of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
ii. Region where Muhammad bin Tughlaq increased the revenue.
iii. Place in Central Asia where Muhammad bin Tughlaq wanted to send an expedition.
Answers
1. fakir Malik aka jauna khan
2. region of Ganga and yamuna daub
Answer:
Delhi Sultanate
The period from 1206 A.D. to 1526 A.D. came to be known as the Delhi Sultanate period. This period witnessed many dynasties and various rulers.
Some of the major dynasties and rulers this period witnessed are listed below.
Sl. No. Dynasty Name
1 Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty
2 Khilji Dynasty
3 Tughluq dynasty
4 Sayyid Dynasty
5 Lodi dynasty
Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty
Ruler Period Events
Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210) Founder of Mamluk Dynast and Slave of Muhammad Ghori
Aram Shah (1210–1211) Eldest son of Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236) Son-in-law of Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Ruknuddin Feruz Shah (1236) Son of Iltutmish
Razia Sultana (1236–1240) Daughter of Iltutmish and Grand Daughter of Qutb-ud-din Aibak.
Muizuddin Bahram (1240–1242) Son of Iltutmish
Alauddin Masud (1242–1246) Son of Ruknuddin Feruz Shah
Nasiruddin Mahmud (1246–1266) Razia’s Brother who had died in 1229
Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286) Father-in-law of Nashiruddin Mahmud and the most powerful ruler of the Slave Dynasty
Muiz ud din Kaiqubad (1287–1290) Grandson of Ghiyasuddin Balban
Kaimur 1290 Son of Muiz-ud-din Kaiqubad
The Slave dynasty ruled from c. 1206 – 1290 CE. It was also named the ‘Mamluk’ dynasty; the word Mamluk is an Arabic word that means “slave/owned”. In fact, three dynasties were established during this period. They were –
Qutbi dynasty (c. 1206 – 1211 CE) – Its founder was Qutub-ud-din Aibak.
First Ilbari dynasty (c. 1211- 1266 CE) – Its founder was Iltumish.
Second Ilbari dynasty (c. 1266 – 1290 CE) – Its founder was Balban.
Qutub-ud-din Aibak (c. 1206 – 1210 CE)
Qutub-ud-din Aibak founded the Slave dynasty. He was a Turkish slave of Muhammad Ghori who played an important part in the expansion of the Turkish Sultanate in India after the Battle of Tarain. Muhammad Ghori made him the governor of his Indian possessions. He raised a standing army and established his hold over north India even during the lifetime of Ghori.
After the death of Muhammad Ghori (c. 1206 CE), Tajuddin Yaldauz, the ruler of Ghazni claimed his rule over Delhi and the governor of Multan and Uchch, Nasiruddin Qabacha wanted independence. He also had to face many revolts from Rajputs and other Indian rulers. However, Aibak, by displaying his mighty power as well as other conciliatory measures, was able to win over his enemies. He defeated Yaldauz and severed all connections with Ghazni and thus founded the Slave dynasty as well as the Delhi Sultanate.
Muslim writers called Aibak “Lakh Baksh” or giver of lakhs because he donated liberally.
He was titled “Sultan” and he made Lahore his capital.
He also started the construction of the Qutub Minar (first storey only) after the name of the famous Sufi saint Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar. It was later completed by Iltumish.
Aibak died suddenly while playing Chaugan (horse polo) in c. 1210 CE.
Aram Shah (c. 1210 CE)
Qutub-ud-din was succeeded by his son Aram Shah who was incapable as a ruler. He was opposed by the Turkish armies and his rule lasted for only eight months.
Iltutmish (c. 1210 – 1236 CE)
Iltutmish belonged to the Ilbari tribe and therefore, his dynasty was named the Ilbari dynasty. His half brothers sold him as a slave to Aibak who made him his son-in-law by giving his daughter to him. Later Aibak appointed him as Iqtadar of Gwalior. In c.1211 CE, Iltutmish dethroned Aram Shah and became the Sultan with the name of Shamsuddin. He is regarded as the real consolidator of Turkish rule in India.
During the first ten years of his reign, he mostly concentrated on securing his throne from his rivals. The commanders of Muhammad Ghori like Yaldauz, Qabacha of Multan and Ali Mardan of Bengal and Bihar rose against him. Iltutmish defeated Yaldauz in the battle of Tarain (c. 1215 CE) and also drove away Qabacha from Punjab.