Question

Name the ganglia which
(a) forms the brain
(b) lies below the oesophagus and is joined to brain

Answer 1

The hypothalamus, just above the brain stem, acts as an integrator for autonomic functions, receiving ANS regulatory input from the limbic system to do so. The autonomic nervous system has three branches: the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.

Answer 2

The ganglia:

• The ganglion that is present in the brain is primarily called hypothalamus.
• It is a seat of Autonomic Nervous System along with a neuroendocrine branch, that anastomoses with the pituitary gland.
• It has a seat of emotions like love, list, sad, happy, and even sexual attractions.

• The ganglion that lies below the oesophagus is the sub oesophageal ganglia.
• It is also an autonomic ganglion that is associated with the enteric functions.
• It controls the regular peristalsis of the oesophagus so, that there’s no gastro-oesophageal reflux.