name the gases present in the upper atmosphere
Answers
Till the eighteenth century, people thought that air was just one substance. However, experiments conducted by French scientist Lavoisier proved that air is a mixture of many gases. (The major components of air are nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The remaining 1% consists of carbon dioxide (0.03%), a few other gases (like argon), water vapour and dust particles
1. Nitrogen
It is present in maximum amount (about 78%) in the atmosphere. It neither burns itself nor supports the process of burning.
2. Oxygen
Oxygen is about 21% in the atmosphere. It is produced during photosynthesis by green plants.
The amount of oxygen decreases with height. That's why a mountaineer climbing a high mountain (Fig. 15.7) and a diver going into the deep sea uses oxygen cylinders (Fig. 15.8). Patients with breathing problems and patients in hospitals are also given extra oxygen from oxygen cylinders.
3. Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is present in a very small amount (only about 0.03%) in the atmosphere
but it is a very important component of air. Plants use carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis. Burning of materials releases carbon dioxide. Thus, we feel suffocated in a closed room with some burning material. Carbon dioxide is also produced by respiration in animals, plants and human beings.
4. Water Vapour
Air contains water vapour. The amount of water vapour present in air is called humidity. When it comes in contact with a cool surface, the water vapour of the air condenses. Presence of water vapour in air is important for the continuation of water cycle in nature.
5. Dust Particles and Smoke
The amount of dust particles vary in air from time to time and place to place. We breathe in air (inhale air) through our nostrils. Fine hair and mucus present inside the nose prevent dust particles from entering into our lungs. We should never breathe in air through our mouth because harmful dust particles and germs present in it may enter our body and affect our health.
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