Name the historical source from where we get the details about Mauryan empire
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There are two types of sources of Mauryan History. One is Literary and the other is Archaeological. The literary sources include Kautilya’s Arthasastra, Visakha Datta’s Mudra Rakshasa , Megasthenese’s Indica, Buddhist literature and Puranas. The archaeological sources include Ashokan Edicts and inscriptions and material remains such as silver and copper punch-marked coins.
1. Literary Sources
a) Kuatilya’s Arthasastra
It is a book written by Kautilya (other name of Chanakya) on polity and governance. It reveals the economic and political conditions of the Mauryan period. Kautilya was the Prime Minister of Chandragupta Maurya, founder of Mauryan dynasty.
b) Mudra Rakshasa
The book was written by Visakha Datta in Gupta period. The book gives an account of how Chandragupta Maurya defeated Nandas with help from Chanakya besides throwing light on socio-economic conditions.
c) Indica
Indica was authored by Megasthenese who was the ambassador of Selecus Nikator in Cahndraqgupta Maurya’s court. It depicts administration in Mauryan Empire, 7-caste system and absence of slavery in India. Although it is lost in its original form, it has survived in the form of quotations in the text of classical Greek writers such as Plutarch, Strabo and Arrian.
d) Buddhist Literature
Buddhist texts such as Jatakas reveal socio-economic conditions of Mauryan period while Buddhist chronicles Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa throws light on the role of Ashoka in spreading Buddhism to Sri Lanka. Divyavadam, the Tibetan Buddhist text informs us about Ashoka’s efforts in spreading Buddhism.
e) Puranas
Puranas reveals us the lists of Mauryan kings and the chronology.
Archaeological Sources
Ashokan Edicts
Ashokan Edicts in the form of Rock Edicts, Pillar Edicts and Cave Inscriptions are found at different places in Indian Sub-continent. These edicts were deciphered by James Princep in 1837 AD. The majority of the edicts are mainly Ashoka’s proclamations to the public while few of them describes Ashoka’s acceptance of Buddhism.
Material Remains
Material remains such as NBPW (Northern Black Polished Ware), silver and copper punch-marked coins throws light on Maurya period.
A short description of Ashokan Edicts and its location
Ashokan Edicts and InscriptionsWhat it depicts?Its Location14 Major Rock EdictsPrinciples of DhammaKalsi(Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Manshera(Hazara, Pakistan), Junagadh(Girnar, Gujarat), Jaugada( Ganjam, Orissa), Dhauli (Puri, Orissa), Yerragudi(Kurnul, Andhra Pradesh), Shahbajgarhi(Peshawar, Pakistan)2 Kalinga Rock EdictsNew System of administration post Kalinga warDauli or Tosali(Puri, Odissa), Jaugada(Ganjam, Odissa)Minor Rock EdictsPersonal History of Ashoka and his Dhamma’s summaryBrahmagiri(Karnataka), Rupanath(Madhya Pradesh, Siddhpur(Karnataka), Maski(Andhra Pradesh)Bhabru-Bairat Rock EdictsAshoka‘s getting converted to BuddhismBhabru-Biarat (Rajasthan)Pillar Edicts7 Pillar EdictsAppendix to rock edictsAllahabad, Rampurva(Bihar)4 Minor Pillar EdictsSigns of Ashoka’s fanaticism to DhammaSanchi(MP), Sarnath, Allahabad2 Tarai Pillar EdictsAshoks’s respects for BuddhismLumbini( Nepal)Cave Edicts 3 Barabar Cave EdictsAshoka’s tolerationBarabar Hills
1. Literary Sources
a) Kuatilya’s Arthasastra
It is a book written by Kautilya (other name of Chanakya) on polity and governance. It reveals the economic and political conditions of the Mauryan period. Kautilya was the Prime Minister of Chandragupta Maurya, founder of Mauryan dynasty.
b) Mudra Rakshasa
The book was written by Visakha Datta in Gupta period. The book gives an account of how Chandragupta Maurya defeated Nandas with help from Chanakya besides throwing light on socio-economic conditions.
c) Indica
Indica was authored by Megasthenese who was the ambassador of Selecus Nikator in Cahndraqgupta Maurya’s court. It depicts administration in Mauryan Empire, 7-caste system and absence of slavery in India. Although it is lost in its original form, it has survived in the form of quotations in the text of classical Greek writers such as Plutarch, Strabo and Arrian.
d) Buddhist Literature
Buddhist texts such as Jatakas reveal socio-economic conditions of Mauryan period while Buddhist chronicles Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa throws light on the role of Ashoka in spreading Buddhism to Sri Lanka. Divyavadam, the Tibetan Buddhist text informs us about Ashoka’s efforts in spreading Buddhism.
e) Puranas
Puranas reveals us the lists of Mauryan kings and the chronology.
Archaeological Sources
Ashokan Edicts
Ashokan Edicts in the form of Rock Edicts, Pillar Edicts and Cave Inscriptions are found at different places in Indian Sub-continent. These edicts were deciphered by James Princep in 1837 AD. The majority of the edicts are mainly Ashoka’s proclamations to the public while few of them describes Ashoka’s acceptance of Buddhism.
Material Remains
Material remains such as NBPW (Northern Black Polished Ware), silver and copper punch-marked coins throws light on Maurya period.
A short description of Ashokan Edicts and its location
Ashokan Edicts and InscriptionsWhat it depicts?Its Location14 Major Rock EdictsPrinciples of DhammaKalsi(Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Manshera(Hazara, Pakistan), Junagadh(Girnar, Gujarat), Jaugada( Ganjam, Orissa), Dhauli (Puri, Orissa), Yerragudi(Kurnul, Andhra Pradesh), Shahbajgarhi(Peshawar, Pakistan)2 Kalinga Rock EdictsNew System of administration post Kalinga warDauli or Tosali(Puri, Odissa), Jaugada(Ganjam, Odissa)Minor Rock EdictsPersonal History of Ashoka and his Dhamma’s summaryBrahmagiri(Karnataka), Rupanath(Madhya Pradesh, Siddhpur(Karnataka), Maski(Andhra Pradesh)Bhabru-Bairat Rock EdictsAshoka‘s getting converted to BuddhismBhabru-Biarat (Rajasthan)Pillar Edicts7 Pillar EdictsAppendix to rock edictsAllahabad, Rampurva(Bihar)4 Minor Pillar EdictsSigns of Ashoka’s fanaticism to DhammaSanchi(MP), Sarnath, Allahabad2 Tarai Pillar EdictsAshoks’s respects for BuddhismLumbini( Nepal)Cave Edicts 3 Barabar Cave EdictsAshoka’s tolerationBarabar Hills
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