Name the important factors affecting the distribution of insolation. Describe in detail the effect of latitude,terrain and nature of the surface on insolation.
Answers
Answer:
The major factors which influence the amount of insolation received are:
1. Rotation of the earth on its axis.
2. The angle of incidence of the sun's rays.
3. Duration of the day.
4. Transparency of the atmosphere.
The effects on Insolation are as follows :
1. Latitude - The input of radiant energy from the Sun is called insolation. If the Earth's axis of rotation had no inclination with respect to the plane of its orbit then the insolation at high noon is simply αcos(φ) where φ is the latitude angle and α is the intensity of the Sun's radiation above the atmosphere.
2. Alpine Terrain - A computer algorithm facilitates computation of integrated direct insolation receipts at variable spatial scales. Extensive mountain shadowing decreases the accuracy of insolation computations requiring small temporal and spatial scales of analysis. Simulations indicate that the variability associated with daily insolation to Indian Peaks, Colorado Front Range, cirques and glaciers is large (standard deviations often exceed 100 ly d–1). Application of the insolation model to Indian Peaks cirque basins confirms that incidence of direct solar radiation is strongly influenced by cirque aspect and time of year. However, the effects of the process controls are not strictly additive.
3. Nature of the Surface - The amount of insolation received on the earth's surface is far less than that is radiated from the sun because of the small size of the earth and its distance from the sun. Moreover, water vapour, dust particles, ozone and other gases present in the atmosphere absorb a small amount of solar radiation.
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