Question

Name the main origin (bodies) of the central government and its its functions ​

Answer 1

backbone ( spinalcord)

Answer 2

Explanation:

A central government is the government that is a controlling power over a unitary state. Always equivalent in a federation is the federal government, which may have distinct powers at various levels authorized or delegated to it by its federated states, though the adjective 'central' is sometimes also used to describe it.[1]

The structure of central governments vary. Many countries have created autonomous regions by delegating powers from the central government to governments on subnational level, such as regional, state, provincial, local and other instances. Based on a broad definition of a basic political system, there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and government through common institutions with overlapping or shared powers as prescribed by a constitution or other law.

Common responsibilities of this level of government which are not granted to lower levels are maintaining national security and exercising international diplomacy, including the right to sign binding treaties. Basically, the central government has the power to make laws for the whole country, in contrast with local governments.

The difference between a central government and a federal government is that the autonomous status of self-governing regions exists by the sufferance of the central government and are often created through a process of devolution. As such they may be unilaterally revoked with a simple change in the law. An example of this was done in 1973 when the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973 abolished the government of Northern Ireland which had been created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920. It is common for a federal government to be brought into being by agreement between a number of formally independent states and therefore its powers to affect the status of the balance of powers is significantly smaller (i.e. the United States). Thus federal governments are often established voluntarily from 'below' whereas devolution grants self-government from above.

Examples Edit

Unitary states Edit

There are, and have been, many countries which have delegated powers, some include:

China People's Republic of China – see autonomous administrative divisions of China

Denmark Denmark – see the autonomous regions of the Faroe Islands and Greenland

France France

Taiwan Republic of China

Georgia (country) Georgia – see autonomous republics

Indonesia Indonesia

Spain Spain – see autonomous communities

Portugal Portugal – see autonomous regions of Portugal

Turkey Turkey

Soviet Union Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – see republics of the Soviet Union

Ukraine Ukraine

United Kingdom United Kingdom – devolved powers to governments of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Vietnam Vietnam

Federations Edit

A federal government is the common or national government of a federation. The United States is considered the first modern federation. After declaring independence from Britain, the U.S. adopted its first constitution, the Articles of Confederation in 1781. This was the first step towards federalism by establishing the confederal Congress. However, Congress was limited as to its ability to pursue economic, military, and judiciary reform. In 1787, a Constitutional Convention drafted the United States Constitution during the Philadelphia Convention. After the ratification of the Constitution by nine states in 1788, the U.S. was officially a federation, putting the U.S. in a unique position where the central government exists by the sufferance of the individual states rather than the reverse.

Other states followed suit in establishing federal governments: Switzerland (1848); Canada (1867); Germany (1871 and again 1949); Brazil (1891); Australia (1901); Austria (1920 and again 1945) and India (1947 and again 1950).[2] Examples include:

Austria Austria

Argentina Argentina

Australia Australia

Belgium Belgium

Brazil Brazil

India India

Canada Canada

Germany Germany

Malaysia Malaysia

Mexico Mexico

Nigeria Nigeria

Nepal Nepal

Pakistan Pakistan

Russia Russia

Sudan Sudan – see South Sudan, which is now independent

Switzerland Switzerland

United States United States

Venezuela Venezuela

Confederations Edit

United States United States Government under the Articles of Confederation

Confederate States of America Confederate States of America