Name the parts labelled 1-- 4.
ii) Name the hormone released from 1 that influences the working part of 2.
iii) How do the part labelled as 3 differs from parts labelled as 1 and 2 in general?
Name the endocrine cell present in part 3 with their respective hormones.
iv) Name the Hormones released by part 4.
v) Name the hormone produced by part no. 2 and states its function in the body.
Which mineral element is required for the synthesis of the mentioned hormone.
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Answers
Answer:
1- pituitary gland, 2- thyroid gland, 3- pancreas, 4- adrenal gland( present above kidney )
i. Pituitary gland releases thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) that influences the working of thyroid gland. [ Please note that this is different from the hypothalamic hormone - thyrotropin-releasing hormone. TRH influences pituitary gland to release TSH. ]
ii. While the pituitary and thyroid glands are purely endocrine, the pancreas is heterocrine. This means it has both endocrine and exocrine functions, wherein its endocrine cells- Islets of Langerhans- release hormones insulin and glucagon and its exocrine portion secretes several enzymes that help in digestion.
iii. In the pancreas, the α- cells of Islets of Langerhans produce glucagon and the β- cells produce insulin. Insulin decreases blood glucose and increases cellular uptake and utilisation of glucose, while glucagon increases blood glucose.
iv. Adrenal gland has two portions- the cortex and medulla.
Cortex produces glucocorticoids ( cortisol mainly ) and mineral corticoids ( aldosterone mainly ). Cortisol also has a function similar to glucagon. Aldosterone facilitates conditional Na⁺ reabsorption from distal convoluted tubule of kidney and thus helps maintain osmotic balance.
Adrenal medulla produces adrenaline/ epinephrine, the fight-or-flight hormone, which provides energy and makes other required changes in our body in situations of stress. It is called the emergency hormone also.
v. Thyroid gland produces thyroxine, which has a vital role in maintenance of metabolism, BMR or basal metabolic rate. It affects the functioning of heart, kidney etc. and also promotes red blood cell production. It has an effect on menstrual cycle also in females.
Iodine is required for synthesis of thyroxine. Deficiency of iodine in diet causes goitre.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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