Question

name the parts of excretory system and describe the kidney in detail

Answer 1

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The human excretory system comprises of two kidneys, the ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that occupy a place over the loins. The kidneys receive nearly 25% of the cardiac output. The kidneys are made up of small filtering units called nephrons. Each kidney contains nearly a million nephrons. Each nephron has an artery that brings blood into it and another which takes blood out of it. The ?former is called as the afferent arteriole, and the latter is called as the efferent arteriole. The afferent arteriole, inside the nephron, leads to a network of fine tubes with a single layer of cells lining the inside of the tubes. This tuft of tubes is called the glomerulus. Blood enters the glomerulus under pressure, and the plasma is filtered out into the space between the glomerulus and the wall of the nephron. This plasma then flows through a series of tubes, where glucose, amino acids and other essential substances are reabsorbed. Within these tubules, the urine is concentrated and finally delivered to a structure called as the renal pelvis. From the renal pelvis, the urine flows through two long tubes called ureters (one for each kidney).

The ureters join the urinary bladder, a storage organ of the human excretory system. The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ that holds urine till it is voided outside through the urethra. The internal and external sphincters are two circular muscles that control the voiding of urine.

As the bladder fills up with urine, it sends signals through nerves to neurons within the spinal cord. A micturition reflex is set up; that is characterised by contraction of the urinary bladder and relaxation of the internal sphincter. This process is involuntary, yet we can hold urine as the external sphincter is under voluntary control.

The human excretory system is similar in both males and females up to the bladder. In men, the urethra merges with the genital tract to form the urogenital tract, while, in women, the urethra and the genital tract remain separate, although nearby.

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Answer 2

Parts of the excretory system are:

 

Ø  Kidneys – Two organs, located just below rib cage. They filter blood and give out urine. Kidneys consist of Nephrons and each kidney has approximately one million Nephrons.

Ø  Large intestines – Last part of the intestinal tract, water is absorbed and remaining waste (faeces) stored for excretion.

Ø  Liver – Various metabolites are detoxified, proteins synthesized and digestive juices produced.

Ø  Lungs – They help absorb oxygen from the air we breathe and remove carbon dioxide.

Ø  Skin – Helps in excretion by way of sweating.

 

The excretory system eliminates metabolic wastes accumulated in the body.