name the phenomenon that leads to situation like xo abnormality in human? describe it
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karyotype is the number and appearance ofchromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryoticcell. The term is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species or in an individual organism[1][2][3] and for a test that detects this complement or measures the number.
Karyotypes describe the chromosome count of an organism and what these chromosomes look like under a light microscope. Attention is paid to their length, the position of thecentromeres, banding pattern, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics.[4] The preparation and study of karyotypes is part ofcytogenetics.

Karyogram of human male using Giemsastaining
The study of whole sets of chromosomes is sometimes known as karyology. The chromosomes are depicted (by rearranging a photomicrograph) in a standard format known as a karyogram or idiogram: in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size.
The basic number of chromosomes in thesomatic cells of an individual or a species is called the somatic number and is designated2n. In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23).[2]p28 Thus, in humans 2n = 46.
So, in normal diploid organisms, autosomalchromosomes are present in two copies. There may, or may not, be sex chromosomes.Polyploid cells have multiple copies of chromosomes and haploid cells have single copies.
The study of karyotypes is important for cell biology and genetics, and the results may be used in evolutionary biology(karyosystematics)[5] and medicine. Karyotypes can be used for many purposes; such as to study chromosomal aberrations,cellular function, taxonomic relationships, and to gather information about past evolutionaryevents.
Karyotypes describe the chromosome count of an organism and what these chromosomes look like under a light microscope. Attention is paid to their length, the position of thecentromeres, banding pattern, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics.[4] The preparation and study of karyotypes is part ofcytogenetics.

Karyogram of human male using Giemsastaining
The study of whole sets of chromosomes is sometimes known as karyology. The chromosomes are depicted (by rearranging a photomicrograph) in a standard format known as a karyogram or idiogram: in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size.
The basic number of chromosomes in thesomatic cells of an individual or a species is called the somatic number and is designated2n. In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23).[2]p28 Thus, in humans 2n = 46.
So, in normal diploid organisms, autosomalchromosomes are present in two copies. There may, or may not, be sex chromosomes.Polyploid cells have multiple copies of chromosomes and haploid cells have single copies.
The study of karyotypes is important for cell biology and genetics, and the results may be used in evolutionary biology(karyosystematics)[5] and medicine. Karyotypes can be used for many purposes; such as to study chromosomal aberrations,cellular function, taxonomic relationships, and to gather information about past evolutionaryevents.
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