Name the process in which cocoons are boiled to remove sericin to separate silk fibre from each other.
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Answers
Answer:
The process of drawing silk fibre from the cocoon is called 'reeling'. The cocoons are cooked in hot water and the silk fibre is unwound from the cocoons. The silk consists of two proteins, the inner core of fibroin and an outer cover of gum sericin.
Explanation:
The process of drawing silk fibre from the cocoon is called ‘reeling’. The cocoons are cooked in hot water and the silk fibre is unwound from the cocoons. The silk consists of two proteins, the inner core of fibroin and an outer cover of gum sericin. During reeling, the cocoons are processed in hot water at 95-970C for 10-15 minutes. This process is called cooking. This cooking will enable the sericin portion to get softened and make unwinding easy without breaks. The cocoons after cooking are reeled in hot water in different types of machines. In India, 61% of the silk amounting to 1,320 tonnes is reeled on the country-type charka (spinning-wheel) numbering 6,656. The silk produced with the country charka is of very poor quality, as the thread is not uniform, as it carries many slubs etc. the improved cottage-type basins have been introduced recently into India. Provision for button-holes and a proper croisure system to maintain the thickness of the fibre, and to control the defects of neatness in the cottage basin have facilitated the production of better-quality silk. As much as 4,000 cottage basins in the country produce 806 tonnes of silk.
Large-scale basins organized scientifically are arranged in filatures for the extraction of superior-quality fibre. The silk produced by the filatures is superior because of the low level of defects of cleanliness and uniformity in the thickness of the fibre. Only 8% of the total production of silk in India is contributed by filatures.
The silk produced from multivoltine races of silk worms is poor in quality and is known to have greater defects, such as lousiness, and defects in neatness and cleanliness and is of very poor quality in light of the international D grade. The silk produced by the bivoltine races of silkworms possesses superior neatness and cleanliness, is without lousiness and has high tensile strength and stands to the international A grade.
The new technology of handling silkworms in the country has shown that bivoltine silkworms, producing the international quality of silk, can be produced throughout the year in the Karnataka state in India. It has been shown that, on an average, 30 to 35 kg of cocoons, yielding 3 to 4 kg of high-grade silk can be produced by rearing 40,000 eggs of bivoltines, as compared with 25 kg of cocoons and 1.4 kg of low-quantity fibre from multivoltines.