Name the stages of mitosis
and state the function of each stage.
Answers
Answer:
Stages of Mitosis
Right before prophase, the cell spends most of its life in the interphase, where preparations are made before the beginning of mitosis (the DNA is copied). However, since the actual process involves the division of the nucleus, prophase is technically the first stage of this process.
The different stages of mitosis occurring during cell division are given as follows-
Interphase
Before entering mitosis, a cell spends a period of its growth under interphase. It undergoes the following phases when in interphase:
G1 Phase: This is the period before the synthesis of DNA.
S Phase: This is the phase during which DNA synthesis takes place.
G2 Phase: This is the phase between the end of DNA synthesis and the beginning of prophase.
Prophase
Prophase immediately follows S and G2 phase of the cycle and is marked by condensation of the genetic material to form compact mitotic chromosomes composed of two chromatids attached at the centromere.
The completion of prophase is characterised by the initiation of the assembly of the mitotic spindle, the microtubules and the proteinaceous components of cytoplasm that help in the process.
The nuclear envelope starts disintegrating.
Prometaphase
In the prometaphase, the nuclear envelop disintegrates. Now the microtubules are allowed to extend from the centromere to the chromosome. The microtubules attach to the kinetochores which allow the cell to move the chromosome around.
Metaphase
At this stage, the microtubules start pulling the chromosomes with equal force and the chromosome ends up in the middle of the cell. This region is known as the metaphase plate. Thus, each cell gets an entire functioning genome.
Anaphase
The splitting of the sister chromatids marks the onset of anaphase. These sister chromatids become the chromosome of the daughter nuclei. The chromosomes are then pulled towards the pole by the fibres attached to the kinetochores of each chromosome. The centromere of each chromosome leads at the edge while the arms trail behind it.
Telophase
The chromosomes that cluster at the two poles start coalescing into an undifferentiated mass, as the nuclear envelope starts forming around it. The nucleolus, Golgi bodies and ER complex, which had disappeared after prophase start to reappear.
Mitosis -Telophase
Telophase
Telophase is followed by cytokinesis, which denotes the division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells. Thus, it marks the completion of cell division.
Explanation:
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