name the technique that you would use to separate the following mixtures
1. Mercury + water
2.Chalk + water
3. mud + water
4. salt + water
5. clorofrom (bp 61°c) and ethly alcohol (bp 78 ,3°c)
6. oil + water
Answers
1. Mercury and water are separated by decantation by using separating funnel as the separation of two immiscible liquids by a separating funnel depends on the difference in their densities. Mercury is heavier than water therefore, forms the lower layer and separated from water.
2. The chalk + water can be separated by filtration.
3. There are two ways to get water to drink from a mud + water,
a. filtration.
b. evaporation
Filtration is a process where the water is pumped through a porous material. A porous material has very small holes that water can pass through, but dirt and other pollutants cannot. This works well because water molecules are much smaller than the organic materials that are making the water muddy. Porous materials are made from woven natural fibers such as cotton, woven or stretched materials such as nylon and even certain special solid ceramic disks.
Evaporation of muddy water separates water from the other compounds. Water evaporates as steam and gets cooled to get pure water.
4. Separate Salt + Water just by evaporation to remove water and we get the salt. we can boil or evaporate the water and the salt will be left behind as a solid. If we want to collect the water, we can use distillation. This works because salt has a much higher boiling point than water.
5. Chloroform forms a minimum boiling azeotrope with ethanol, B.P.=78° C. containing 93% chloroform. The chloroform-alcohol azeotropes are impossible to separate by normal distillation methods because the relative volatility of an azeotrope is 1.0.
Extractive distillation would be an attractive method of effecting the separation of chloroform from ethanol. Suitable extractive agents can be found that
(1) will enhance the relative volatility between chloroform and ethanol
(2) are easy to recover, that is, form no azeotrope with chloroform,
Extractive distillation typically requires the addition of an equal amount to twice as much extractive agent . For chloroform +ethanol mixture n-butanol or isobutyl acetate could be the extractive agent.
6. Oil + water are mmiscible liquids. Immiscible means that the liquids don't dissolve in each other – oil and water are possible to separate simply using a separating funnel.
Answer:
1. Separating funnel
2. Filtration
3. Filtration
Explanation:
I hope you get the answer