Question

Name the two high energy phosphates in human metabolism. why these are called so? compare these with glycerol-1-phosphate. ( 5 marks question)

Answer 1

Metabolism in Humans is not possible  without the help of high energy phosphate molecules.
The two High energy phosphate in human body are :
--->ATP - Andenosine Triphospate
---> ADP -- Andenosine diphosphate
These two high energy phosphates are so called because they contain high energy phosphate bond. Further on hydrolysis they give out  free energy sufficient for metabolic activities.

ATP is produced by Glycolysis, DHAP[DiHydro Acetone Phosphate]  produces glycerol -1-phosphate as an intermediate.

Glycerol -1-phosphate further produces ATP,NADH, Pyruvate which is not  a direct energy giving molecule.
ATP has high energy phosphate bonds when hydrolyzed it releases 30.5Kj/mol energy.
ATP  +H2O------>ADP + ENERGY

While ADP is hydrolyzed to AMP it releases 30.5 kj/mol energy.

ADP+H20--->AMP +ENERGY

Direct hydrolysis of ATP produces the high energy which is the important difference with Glycerol- 1-Phosphate.

Answer 2

The energy by humans is produced by two metabolism cycles one is Glycolysis and second is Kerbs cycle. In Glycolysis DiHydroAcetone Phosphate produces glycerol-1- phosphate is intermediate. Whereas in the Kerbs cycle there are different molecules which go through the reactions in order to produce ATP and this is done with the help of enzymes. And Glycerol-1-phosphate further is utlizied by Glycolysis in order to produce a product known as Pyruvate, ATP, and NADH.
Humans produce energy from a molecule which does not give a direct energy known as Glycerol-1-phosphate.

A high-energy phosphate bond is Adenosine TriPhosphate and when Adenosine TriPhosphate is hydrolysed to ADP 30.5 Kj/mol is the energy which is released and on the other hand when Adenosine is hydrolysed to AMP 30.5 kj/mol is the energy released.
Direct hydrolysis of Adenosine TriPhosphate produces energy  which is the difference with Glycerol-1- phosphate.