name the various plant tissue and explain them in short with ex
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1. Meristematic tissue -
This type of tissue present in growing part of plants. These tissue have ability to divide. They are classified into three parts ( apical, lateral nd intercalary meristematic tissue).
Apical meristematic tissue
This tissue present at the apex of root nd shoot system. This tissue increase length of plants. Example - root apex, shoot apex.
Lateral meristematic tissue
This tissue are arranged in parallel with the side of organ or on the lateral side of organ cell. This tissue responsible for thickness of plants.
Intercalary_
This tissue present between two modes of stem.
Pemanent tissue -
They paly important role in photosynthesis. They are of two types simple nd complex tissue.
Simple tissue are of three types
1. Parenchyma -
It store food material. Some pernchyma cell store water.
2. Chlorenchyma -
These cells are help in photosynthesis
3. Collenchyma -
These tissue present beneath the epidermis of herbaceous plant. The corners of the cell are thick nd intercellular space is absent.
Complex tissue are two types-
1. Xylem -
It is responsible for conduction of water nd mineral from soil
2. Phloem -
Translate prepared food for leaves to different part of plant.
Dermal Tissue
They are the tissues, which covers the external part of the herbaceous plants.
They are composed of epidermal cells, which secrete the waxy cuticle.
Waxy cuticles are responsible for protecting plants against water loss.
Dermal tissue consists of Epidermis and periderm.
Epidermis
They are the outermost layer of the primary plant body, which covers roots, stems, leaves, floral parts, fruits and seeds.
They are one layer thick with cuticle.
They are composed mostly of unspecialized cells- parenchyma and sclerenchyma.
They include trichomes, stomata, buIIiform ceIIs, etc.
Periderm
They are the outermost layer of stems and roots of woody plants such as trees. They are also called as barks.
They replace epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth.
They are multilayered structures.
They include cork cells, which are nonliving cells that cover the outside of stems and roots.
The periderm protects the plant from injuries, pathogens and also from excessive water loss.
Ground Tissue
They synthesize the organic compounds and support the plants by storing the produced products.
They are composed of parenchyma cells and also include collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.
Parenchyma
They are the general cells of plants, which are circular in shape and have very thin wall.
They are present in all plant cells.
They have very large vacuoles and are frequently found in all roots, stem, leaves and in fruits
Parenchyma cells help in synthesizing and storage of synthesized food products.
Parenchyma cells also controls plant's metabolism like photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis.
They also play a vital role in wound healing and regeneration of plants.
Collenchyma
Collenchymas are a specialized parenchyma tissue, which are found in all green parts.
Collenchyma cells are elongated with unevenly thickened walls.
They are alive during the cell maturity.
Collenchyma cells controls the functions of young plants.
A collenchyma cell provides a support to plants by not restraining growth, which is caused due to their absence of secondary walls and hardening agent in their primary walls.
Sclerenchyma
They are rigid, non-living cells.
They have thick, lignified secondary walls and lack protoplasts at maturity.
They provide strength
A sclerenchyma cell also provides a support to plants with the help of hardening agent present in their cells.
Sclerenchyma cells are of two types:
Sclereids: They are short, irregular in shape and have thick, lignified secondary walls
Fibers: They are long, slender and are arranged in threads.
Vascular Tissues
They are specialized cells with transport of water, hormone and minerals throughout the plant.
They contain transfer cells, fibers in addition to xylem, phloem, parenchyma, cambium and other conducting cells.
They are located in the veins of the Leaves.
Xylem
The term “Xylem†is derived from the Greek word meaning “Woodâ€.
They are dead with hollow cells, which consist of only cell wall.
They play a vital role in transporting water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to all parts of a plant.
They transport the nutrients in the upward direction .i.e. from the root to the stem, leaves and flower.
Xylem is also called as water-conducting cells.
Phloem
The term “phloem†is derived from the Greek word meaning “Barkâ€.
They are live cells, which lack nucleus and other organelles.
They transports dissolved organic food materials (sugars) from the leaves to all parts of a plant.
They transport the nutrients in the downward direction .i.e. from the leaves to the different parts of the plant.
Phloem is also called as sugar-conducting cells.