name the various steps in food chain where food energy is transferred
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Electromagnetic energy from the sun fuels nearly all of the planet’s ecosystems, though there are deep-sea communities that instead tap into the energy delivered by hydrothermal vents. Green plants “fix” incoming solar energy; that is, they capture it and convert it through the process of photosynthesis into chemical energy contained within carbohydrates. The energy in those compounds’ chemical bonds then nourishes other organisms that, to get it, consume plants or plant-eating creatures, which include the invertebrates, fungi and microbes that decompose dead organic matter.
Because decomposition produces essential inorganic nutrients used by plants to drive photosynthesis, matter cycles through an ecosystem. Energy, by contrast, isn't recycled but rather flows through the system: The mechanics of living – using chemical energy to power the critical processes that maintain an organism’s organization – produce heat as the ultimate byproduct, and this can’t be converted back into a form of energy usable by life forms. Thus plants require a steady supply of sunlight to fuel photosynthesis, and non-photosynthetic organisms require a steady intake of food to obtain new energy.
Because decomposition produces essential inorganic nutrients used by plants to drive photosynthesis, matter cycles through an ecosystem. Energy, by contrast, isn't recycled but rather flows through the system: The mechanics of living – using chemical energy to power the critical processes that maintain an organism’s organization – produce heat as the ultimate byproduct, and this can’t be converted back into a form of energy usable by life forms. Thus plants require a steady supply of sunlight to fuel photosynthesis, and non-photosynthetic organisms require a steady intake of food to obtain new energy.
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The various steps in a food chain where food energy is transferred is known as tropic levels.
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