name three food from other than grains with respective climatic conditions required for them
Answers
Important Food Crops
1. Rice:
Geographical Conditions of Growth:Rice grows best in areas of warm, humid climate; rice requires temperatures between 20°C and 35°C and a well-distributed rainfall of about 100 cm or irrigation facilities.Fertile soil. Delta and valley soils are the most suitable. Soils with higher clay content are preferred for its cultivation due to their better moisture retention capacity.Important Producing Areas:West Bengal (highest producer), Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab (highest per hectare yield), Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Haryana.About 25% of the arable land is used for the cultivation of rice.
2. Wheat
Geographical Conditions of Growth:It is a crop of temperate climate. The ideal temperature for its cultivation is about 15°-20°C and requires a moderate amount of rainfall of 25-75 cms. It can be grown in the drier areas with the help of irrigation.Well drained loamy and clayey soils are ideal.Important Producing Areas:Wheat is cultivated on about 14% of the total arable area of the country.There are two important wheat producing zones in the country – the Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-west and the black soil region in the Deccan.In north India, wheat is sown in October – November and harvested in March – April. In south India, it is sown in September-October and harvested in December – January. Wheat takes lesser time in ripening in south India than that in the north because of hotter climatic conditions in the south.
3. Maize
Geographical Conditions of Growth:It is a crop of semi-arid climate and is used both as food and fodder.A temperature of 21°C- 27°C and 50-100cm rainfall is suitable for its cultivation.Alternate spells of rains and sunny weather are ideal for maize.It is a Kharif Crop but in some states like Bihar, it is grown in the rabi season also.It grows well in alluvial and red soils with good drainage. It can also be grown in mountainous soils.Important Producing Areas:It is grown on 3.6% of the total sown area in the country.Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh are important maize producing states.
Answer:
List of Major Crops and required Geo-climatic condition across the world
1. Rice
Temperature: 15°-27° C
Rainfall: 100- 150 cm
Soil: Heavy-clayey to-clayey-loam
Producers: China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Leading exporter in the world: Thailand
2. Wheat
Temperature: 12°-25°C
Rainfall: 25-75 cm
Soil: well-drained-light clay to heavy clay
Producers: China, India, USA, Russia, Australia, Canada, Pakistan, France, and Turkey.
Leading exporter in the world: USA
3. Maize
Temperature: 15°-27°C
Rainfall: 65-125 cm
Soil: Deep-heavy clay to light sandy loam
Producers: USA, China, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Romania, India, and South Africa.
Leading exporter in the world: USA
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4. Millets
Temperature: 20°-35°C
Rainfall: 25-75 cm
Soil: Sandy-loam to clayey loam
Producers: China, USA, India, Nigeria, Ukraine, Thailand, Russia, and Turkey.
Leading exporter in the world: USA
5. Bajra (Pearl Millet)
Temperature: 25°-35°C
Rainfall: 25-60 cm
Soil: Sandy loam to loam
Producers: In India: Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.
6. Pulses (Kharif)
Temperature: 20° -27°C
Rainfall: 25-60 cm
Soil: Sandy-loam Producers: In India: Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
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7. Lentil (Rabi)
Temperature: 15° to 25°C
Rainfall: 25 to 50 cm
Soil: Loamy to clayey loam
Producers: Mediterranean countries of Europe, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, China, India: (Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal
8. Oilseeds
Temperature: 15°-30°C
Rainfall: 30-50 cm
Soil: loam to clayey loam
Producers: In India: Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttarakhand.
9. Groundnut
Temperature: 20°-30°C
Rainfall: 50-75 cm
Soil: well-drained-sandy loams, red and black cotton
Producers: India, China, USA, Sudan, Senegal, Indonesia, Argentina, Myanmar.
Leading exporter in the world: USA
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10. Sugarcane
Temperature: 20°-35°C
Rainfall: 85-165 cm
Soil: Well-drained alluvium, black, red and brown regur soil
Producers: Brazil, India, China, Pakistan, Thailand, Mexico, Cuba, Colombia.
Leading exporter: Brazil
11. Sugar beet
Temperature: 10°-25°C
Rainfall: 25-50 cm
Soil: Well-drained-loamy soil Producers: France, USA, Germany, Russia, China, Ukraine, Poland, Turkey, Leading exporter in the world: France
12. Cotton
Temperature: 18°-27°C
Rainfall: 60-110 cm
Soil: well-drained loam, and regur (black-earth)
Producers: China, USA, India, Brazil, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Egypt, Turkey.
Leading exporter in the world: USA
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13. Tea
Temperature: 15° -35°C
Rainfall: 100-250 cm
Soil: well-drained, light loamy Soil Producers: India, China, Sri-Lanka, Kenya, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Turkey.
Leading exporter in the world: India.
14. Coffee
Temperature: 15°-28°C
Rainfall: 125-225 cm
Soil: well-drained alluvial Soil Producers: Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Ivory-Coast, Mexico, Ghana, Cameroon, India.
Leading exporter in the world: Brazil
15. Cocoa
Temperature: 18°-35°C
Rainfall: 100-250 cm
Soil: well-drained alluvium
Producers: Ivory-Coast, Ghana, Indonesia, Brazil, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ecuador, Costa-Rica.
Leading exporter in the world: Ivory-Coast
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16. Rubber
Temperature: 27°C
Rainfall: 150-250 cm
Soil: rich-well-drained alluvial Soil
Producers: Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, China, Sri-Lanka, Liberia, Brazil.
Leading exporter in the world: Thailand.
17. Jute
Temperature: 25°-35°C
Rainfall: about 150-250 cm
Soil: Well drained alluvial Soil
Producers: Bangladesh, India, China, Thailand, Myanmar, Brazil and Nepal.
Leading exporter: Bangladesh
18. Flax
Temperature: 10°-20°C
Rainfall: 15-20 cm
Soil: Rich loam or clayey loam
Producers: In India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and the Jammu Division of J & K
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19. Coconut
Temperature: 27°C
Rainfall: 100-250 cm, up-to 600 m above the sea level
Soil: lateritic red, sandy alluvial sandy
Producers: In India: Kerala (55%), Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Goa, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
20. Oil-palm
Temperature: 27°-33°C (maximum), 22°-24°C (minimum)
Rainfall: 250-400 cm well distributed in the year
Soil: Deep-loamy and alluvial soil
Producers: India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Assam, Gujarat, Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura and West Bengal