Question

Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.

Answer 1

Archegonium is the female sex organ that produces the female gamete or egg. It is present in the life cycles of bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms.





Life cycle of a fern (Dryopteris)

Dryopteris is a common fern with pinnately-compound leaves. The main plant-body is sporophytic. Many sporangia are borne on the lower surfaces of its mature leaves. Each sporangium has spore mother cells which undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. On maturing, these spores dehisce and germinate to give rise to a heart-shaped gametophyte called prothallus.

The prothallus bears the male and female sex organs called antheridia and archegonia respectively. The antheridia produce sperms that swim in water to reach the archegonia. The egg is produced by the archegonia. As a result of fertilisation, a zygote is formed. The zygote forms an embryo, which in turn develops into a new sporophyte. The young plant comes out of the archegonium of the parent gametophyte.

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Answer 2

Three groups of plants that gives rise to archegonia are :

1. Bryophytes.

2. Pteridophytes.

3. Gymnosperms.

Life cycle of Bryophytes -

1. The main phase of bryophytes is the gametophyte.

2. This phase has the sex organs of bryophytes which are multi celled - Male organ antheridium and female organ archegonium.

3. The antheridium consists androcytes which gives 2 biflagellated male gametes called antherozoids.

4. The female organ archegonium possesses the egg.

5. Both the gametes fuses, which further gets developed into a sporophyte.

6. On maturation, the sporophyte then releases spores and then the spores germinate to give a new individual.