name three northern invaders
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Explanation:
The Great Wall safeguarded the central plain of Mainland China in history and successfully kept out invasions from various northern nomadic tribes including the Huns in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Turks in the Sui Dynasty, the Khitan in the Song Dynasty, and the Tatar, Oirat and Jurchen in the Ming Dynasty.
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Mahmud of Ghazni, Muhammad Ghori, & Timur were the major invaders of the early medieval period
Explanation:
Mahmud Ghazni
- Ghazni was a tiny kingdom in Afghanistan, established in the 10th century by a Turkish nobleman. One of Mahmoud 's successors was to turn Ghazni into a great & powerful kingdom, which is why he planned to invade some of Central Asia. Mahmud required a vast asset to build up his massive and strong army; hence he decided to invade India to steal Indian riches (to fulfill his ambition). Mahmoud's first raid started in A.D. 1000. Mahmud made 17 raids during a short 25-year period. In the meantime, in Central Asia & Afghanistan, he waged wars.
- 1010-1025 AD, when Ghazni learned that gold & jewels were kept in India in temples, Mahmud only targeted northern India's towns with temples. The Somnat temple destruction in Western India was one of the attacks that is often discussed in the course of the medieval history. In 1 030 the population of northern India was relieved as Mahmud had died. While Mahmoud destroyer of the Indians, he was a builder of an attractive mosque & a large library in his own nation.
- Mahmud was the patron of Firdausi, the renowned Persian poet, who had written an epic poem, 'Shah Nama.' Mahmud sent Alberuni, the "Central Asian scholar', to India, who lived here long ago & had described the nation and the people's conditions.
Muhammad Ghori
- Ghori was more aggressive than Mahmud because he wanted to loot India's riches, as well as he wanted to conquer Northern India & add it to his empire. As Punjab was already in the Ghazni empire, the preparation of India campaigns made it easier for Ghori.
- In 1191 Prithviraj Chauhan had defeated Ghori; this battle is popularly regarded as the 'first Tarain' battle.' In 1192, Mohammad Ghori had defeated Prithviraj in the "2nd Battle of Tarin". The most significant campaign was to combat Chauhan's king, Prithviraj III.
- Prithviraj 's defeat enabled Muhammad's to exapnd his empire in Delhi, and he started strengthening his power likewise. Ghori was assassinated in 1206 & his kingdom was left under the rule of General Qutb-ud-din Aibak in northern India. Moreover, Ghori's invasion of Delhi led to spread of Islam within India
Timur (Mongol)
- Timur engaged himself in warfare and succeeded in establishing a vast empire. He looted India up to Delhi. and h e died on the road when he marched to assault China. Timur was a tyrant who was cruel. In addition, his conquests were largely aimed at acquiring power. So he brought devastation, killing, burning, theft and dishonor to women everywhere he went. The fear of the people towards him was one of his ways for rivals to submit quickly.
- Timur paid no attention to "administrative matters & defense" topics. Timur was mostly a conqueror, and one kingdom after the other he invaded as a great born ruler. Timur summed up his targets to attack India. Before the invasion, his father, Pir Mohamead the governor of Kabul already sent a force of expéditions against India to take Uch and attack Multan to combat the unbelievers and kill them. The other was to loot their land.
- In December 1398, Timur came to Delhi. He decided to spare the people at the behest of the people led by the Ulema, however he instructed a massacre and a robbery when the people opposed the repressive actions of the soldiers of Timur. For many days, thousands of people were killed, thousands captured as slaves, and the whole wealth of the town was pillaged. For 15 days Timur stayed in Delhi and plundered huge wealth.
- The Timur ravaged India unequally. Wherever he went, it was totally lost. Thousands of villages had been burned, people's lakhs attacked and killed and all towns had been plundered completely. Delhi was destroyed for months and ravaged, and epidemics broke out due to many fatalities. The Delhi Suitanate and the Tughluq dynasty were defeated by Timur.
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